User:DCDuring/Fishes of the World 5

PHYLUM CHORDATA 13

UROCHORDATA

subphylum Urochordata (Tunicata: the tunicates) 15

ASCIDIACEA

Class Ascidiacea (ascidians), 15

THALIACEA

Class Thaliacea (salps), 15

Order Pyrosomida, 15

Order Doliolida, 15

Order Salpida, 15

APPENDICULARIA

Class Appendicularia, 15

CEPHALOCHORDATA

subphylum Cephalochordata (Acrania, in part) 16

Order Amphioxiformes (lancelets), 16

Family Branchiostomatidae, 16

Family Epigonichthyidae, 16

CRANIATA

subphylum Craniata 18

MYXINOMORPHI

infraphylum Myxinomorphi 19 not in Ruggiero et al.

Class Myxini, 20

Order Myxiniformes (1)—hagfishes, 20

Family Myxinidae (1)—hagfishes, 20

VERTEBRATA

infraphylum Vertebrata (vertebrates) 22

PETROMYZONTOMORPHI

SUPERCLASS Petromyzontomorphi not in Ruggiero et al.

PETROMYZONTIDA

class Petromyzontida, 23 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Petromyzontiformes (2)—lampreys, 23

Family Petromyzontidae (2)—northern lampreys, 24

Family Geotriidae (3)—southern lampreys, 25

Family Mordaciidae (4)—southern topeyed lampreys, 26

GNATHOSTOMATA

SUPERCLASS Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) 34

EUGNATHOSTOMATA

Class? Eugnathostomata, 40 not in Ruggiero et al.

GRADE CHONDRICHTHYOMORPHI 40

CHONDRICHTHYES

Class Chondrichthyes—cartilaginous fishes, 40

HOLOCEPHALIMORPHA

Superorder Holocephalimorpha, 50 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Chimaeriformes (3)—chimaeras, 51

Family CALLORHINCHIDAE (5)—plownose chimaeras, 52

Family RHINOCHIMAERIDAE (6)—longnose chimaeras, 52

Family CHIMAERIDAE (7)—shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes, 53

Subclass Euselachii (sharks, rays, and related fossils), 53 not in Ruggiero et al.

Infraclass Elasmobranchii, 56

Division Selachii—sharks, 58 not in Ruggiero et al.

Superorder Galeomorphi, 58 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Heterodontiformes (4)—bullhead sharks, 59

Family HETERODONTIDAE (8)—bullhead sharks, 59

Order Orectolobiformes (5)—carpet sharks, 59

Family PARASCYLLIIDAE (9)—collared carpet sharks, 60

Family BRACHAELURIDAE (10)—blind sharks, 60

Family ORECTOLOBIDAE (11)—wobbegongs, 61

Order Lamniformes (6)—mackerel sharks, 63

Order Carcharhiniformes (7)—ground sharks, 68

SQUALOMORPHI

Superorder Squalomorphi, 73 not in Ruggiero et al.

Series HEXANCHIDA, 73

Order Hexanchiformes (8)—six-gill sharks, 73

Family CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE (31)—frilled sharks, 74

Family HEXANCHIDAE (32)—cow sharks, 74

Series SQUALIDA, 75

Order Squaliformes (9)—dogfish sharks, 75

Series SQUATINIDA, 78

Order Echinorhiniformes (10)—bramble sharks, 78

Family ECHINORHINIDAE (39)—bramble sharks, 78

Order Squatiniformes (11)—angel sharks, 79

Family SQUATINIDAE (40)—angel sharks, 79

Order Pristiophoriformes (12)—saw sharks, 80

Family PRISTIOPHORIDAE (41)—saw sharks, 80

Division Batomorphi—rays, 80 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Torpediniformes (13)—electric rays, 82

Family TORPEDINIDAE (42)—torpedo electric rays, 82

Family NARCINIDAE (43)—numbfishes, 83

Order Rajiformes (14)—skates, 84

Family RAJIDAE (44)—skates, 84

Order Pristiformes (15)—guitarfishes and sawfishes, 85

Order Myliobatiformes (16)—stingrays, 87

Grade Teleostomi 95

OSTEICHTHYES

Class —Osteichthyes bony fishes and tetrapods, 101

SARCOPTERYGII

Subclass Sarcopterygii—lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods, 102

ACTINISTIA

Infraclass Actinistia—coelacanths, 103

Order Coelacanthiformes (17)—coelacanths, 104

Family LATIMERIIDAE (59)—gombessas or coelacanths, 105

ONYCHODONTIDA

Infraclass Onychodontida, 106 not in Ruggiero et al.

DIPNOMORPHA

Infraclass Dipnomorpha, 106 not in Ruggiero et al.

Superorder Dipnoi, 107

Order Ceratodontiformes (18)—living lungfishes and their fossil relatives, 108

Family NEOCERATODONTIDAE (60)—Australian lungfishes, 109

Family LEPIDOSIRENIDAE (61)—South American lungfishes, 109

Family PROTOPTERIDAE (62)—African lungfishes, 109

TETRAPODA

Infraclass Tetrapoda—tetrapods, 111

ACTINOPTERYGII

Subclass Actinopterygii—ray-finned fishes, 111

CLADISTIA

Infraclass Cladistia, 116 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Polypteriformes (19)—bichirs, 116

Family POLYPTERIDAE (63)—bichirs, 117

CHONDROSTEI

Infraclass Chondrostei, 118

Order Acipenseriformes (20)—paddlefishes and sturgeons, 118

Family POLYODONTIDAE (64)—paddlefishes, 118

Family ACIPENSERIDAE (65)—sturgeons, 119

Neopterygii, 121

HOLOSTEI

Infraclass Holostei (gars, bowfins, and relatives), 121

Division Ginglymodi, 122 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Lepisosteiformes (21)—gars, 122

Family LEPISOSTEIDAE (66)—gars, 123

Division Halecomorphi, 124 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Amiiformes (22)—bowfins, 125

Family AMIIDAE (67)—bowfins, 126

Division Teleosteomorpha, 126 not in Ruggiero et al.

Subdivision Teleostei, 128

Supercohort TELEOCEPHALA—crown-group Teleostei, 132

Cohort ELOPOMORPHA, 133

Order Elopiformes (23)—tenpounders, 135

Family ELOPIDAE (68)—tenpounders (ladyfishes), 135

Family MEGALOPIDAE (69)—tarpons, 135

Order Albuliformes (24)—bonefishes, 136

Family ALBULIDAE (70)—bonefishes, 136

Order Notacanthiformes (25)—halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels, 137

Family HALOSAURIDAE (71)—halosaurs, 137

Family NOTACANTHIDAE (72)—deep-sea spiny eels, 138

Order Anguilliformes (26)—eels, 139

Osteoglossocephala, 153 not in Ruggiero et al.

Cohort OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA, 153

Order Hiodontiformes (27)—mooneyes, 155

Family HIODONTIDAE (92)—mooneyes, 155

Order Osteoglossiformes (28)—bonytongues, 155

Clupeocephala, 160

Cohort OTOCEPHALA, 161

Superorder Clupeomorpha, 162 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Clupeiformes (29)—herrings, 164

=ALEPOCEPHALI=

Superorder Alepocephali, 172 not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Alepocephaliformes (30)—slickheads and tubeshoulders, 172

=OSTARIOPHYSI=

Superorder Ostariophysi, 174

Series ANOTOPHYSI, 175

Order Gonorynchiformes (31)—milkfishes, 175

Series OTOPHYSI, 179

Subseries Cypriniphysi, 180

Order Cypriniformes (32)—carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives, 180

Family CYPRINIDAE (109)—minnows, carps, and loaches, 181

Subseries Characiphysi, 193

Order Characiformes (33)—characins, 193

Subseries Siluriphysi, 207

Order Siluriformes (34)—catfishes, 207

Order Gymnotiformes (35)—Neotropical knifefishes, 238

Cohort EUTELEOSTEI, 241

Order Lepidogalaxiiformes (36)—salamanderfishes, 242

Family Lepidogalaxiidae (186)—salamanderfishes, 242

Superorder Protacanthopterygii, 243

Order Salmoniformes (37)—trout, salmon, and whitefish, 244

Family SALMONIDAE (187)—trout, salmon, and whitefish, 244

Order Esociformes (38)—pikes and mudminnows, 248

Family ESOCIDAE (188)—pikes, 249

Family UMBRIDAE (189)—mudminnows, 251

=OSMEROMORPHA=

Superorder Osmeromorpha, 252 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Argentiniformes (39)—marine smelts, 252

Order Galaxiiformes (40)—galaxiiforms, 254

Family GALAXIIDAE (194)—galaxiids, 254

Order Osmeriformes (41)—freshwater smelts, 256

Order Stomiiformes (42)—dragonfishes, 259

=ATELEOPODOMORPHA=

Superorder Ateleopodomorpha, 265

Order Ateleopodiformes (43)—jellynose fishes, 265

Family ATELEOPODIDAE (204)—jellynose fishes, 265

=CYCLOSQUAMATA=

Superorder Cyclosquamata, 266

Order Aulopiformes (44)—lizardfishes, 266

=SCOPELOMORPHA=

Superorder Scopelomorpha, 276

Order Myctophiformes (45)—lanternfishes, 276

Family NEOSCOPELIDAE (221)—blackchins, 277

Family MYCTOPHIDAE (222)—lanternfishes, 277

Superorder Lamprimorpha, 280 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Lampriformes (46)—opahs, 280 Not in Ruggiero et al.

=PARACANTHOPTERYGII=

Superorder Paracanthopterygii, 284

Order Polymixiiformes (47)—beardfishes, 285

Family POLYMIXIIDAE (229)—beardfishes, 286

Order Percopsiformes (48)—trout-perches, 287

Family PERCOPSIDAE (230)—trout-perches, 287

Family APHREDODERIDAE (231)—pirate perches, 288

Family AMBLYOPSIDAE (232)—cavefishes, 289

Order Zeiformes (49)—dories, 289

Order Stylephoriformes (50)—tube-eyes or thread-tails, 293

Family STYLEPHORIDAE (239)—tube-eyes or thread-tails, 293

Order Gadiformes (51)—cods and hakes, 293

=ACANTHOPTERYGII=

Superorder Acanthopterygii, 302

Series BERYCIDA, 303

Order Holocentriformes (52)—squirrelfishes, 304

Family HOLOCENTRIDAE (253)—squirrelfishes, 304

Order Trachichthyiformes (53)—roughies, 305

Order Beryciformes (54)—beryciforms, 308

Series PERCOMORPHA, 314

Subseries Ophidiida, 315

Order Ophidiiformes (55)—cusk-eels, 315

Subseries Batrachoidida, 320

Order Batrachoidiformes (56)—toadfishes, 320

Family BATRACHOIDIDAE (272)—toadfishes, 321

Subseries Gobiida, 323

Order Kurtiformes (57)—nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes, 324

Family KURTIDAE (273)—nurseryfishes, 324

Family APOGONIDAE (274)—cardinalfishes, 324

Order Gobiiformes (58)—gobies, 326

Subseries Ovalentaria, 333

Order Mugiliformes (59)—mullets, 341

Family MUGILIDAE (291)—mullets, 342

Order Cichliformes (60)—cichlids and convict blennies, 342

Family CICHLIDAE (292)—cichlids, 342

Family PHOLIDICHTHYIDAE (293)—convict blenny, 345

Order Blenniiformes(61)—blennies, 346

Order Gobiesociformes (62)—clingfishes, 351 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Family GOBIESOCIDAE (300)—clingfishes, 352

Order Atheriniformes (63)—silversides, 354

Order Beloniformes (64)—needlefishes, 363

Order Cyprinodontiformes (65)—killifishes, 369

Order Synbranchiformes (66)—swamp eels, 380

Order Carangiformes (67)—jacks, 383

Order Istiophoriformes (68)—barracudas and [[billfishes, 387

Order Anabantiformes (69)—labyrinth fishes, 390

Order Pleuronectiformes (70)—flatfishes, 395

Order Syngnathiformes (71)—pipefishes and seahorses, 405

Order Icosteiformes (72)—ragfishes, Not in Ruggiero et al.

Family ICOSTEIDAE (366)—ragfishes, 412

Order Callionymiformes (73), 412 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Family CALLIONYMIDAE (367)—dragonets, 412

Family DRACONETTIDAE (368)—slope dragonets, 413

Order Scombrolabraciformes (74)—longfin escolars, 41 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Family SCOMBROLABRACIDAE (369)—longfin escolars, 413

Order Scombriformes (75)—mackerels, 414

Order Trachiniformes (76), 421 Not in Ruggiero et al.

Order Perciformes (78)—perches, 430

Order Scorpaeniformes (79)—mail-cheeked fishes, 467

Order Moroniformes (80)—temperate basses, 495 not in Ruggiero et al

Order Acanthuriformes—(81) surgeonfishes and relatives, 497

Order Spariformes (82)—breams and porgies, 502

Order Caproiformes (83)—boarfishes, 506* not in Ruggiero et al

Family Caproidae (508)—boarfishes, 507

Order Lophiiformes (84)—anglerfishes, 508

Order Tetraodontiformes (85)—plectognaths, 518