gar
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɑː/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡɑɹ/
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Etymology 1 edit
Clipping of garfish.
Noun edit
gar (plural gars)
- (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
- 1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128:
- Gars are long, slender, predatory fishes of quiet waters east of the Rockies.
- (especially UK, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.
Usage notes edit
- The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.
Derived terms edit
- alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula)
- broadhead gar (Atractosteus spp.)
- Cuban gar (Atractosteus tristoechus)
- Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus)
- freshwater gar (Xenentodon cancila
- garfish (Belonidae spp., Lepisosteidae spp.)
- garpike (Belonidae spp., Lepisosteidae spp.)
- gator gar (Atractosteus spatula)
- king gar (Scomberesox scombroides)
- longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
- Malawi gar (Lichnochromis acuticeps)
- needle-nose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
- ocean gar (Makaira nigricans)
- shortnose gar (Lepisosteus platostomus)
- silver gar (Strongylura maritima)
- slender gar (Lepisosteus spp.)
- spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)
- tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus)
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).
Verb edit
gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)
- (now chiefly UK dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th–19th c.]
- 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:
- I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].
- 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:
- Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Basque edit
Noun edit
gar inan
Breton edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Breton garr, from Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.
Noun edit
gar f (plural garoù)
Mutation edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
gar
- Soft mutation of kar.
Mutation edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German gare (inflected garw-), from Old High German garo, from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.
Cognate with Dutch gaar, archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”). Related to gerben.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
gar (strong nominative masculine singular garer, not comparable)
Declension edit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist gar | sie ist gar | es ist gar | sie sind gar | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | garer | gare | gares | gare |
genitive | garen | garer | garen | garer | |
dative | garem | garer | garem | garen | |
accusative | garen | gare | gares | gare | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der gare | die gare | das gare | die garen |
genitive | des garen | der garen | des garen | der garen | |
dative | dem garen | der garen | dem garen | den garen | |
accusative | den garen | die gare | das gare | die garen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein garer | eine gare | ein gares | (keine) garen |
genitive | eines garen | einer garen | eines garen | (keiner) garen | |
dative | einem garen | einer garen | einem garen | (keinen) garen | |
accusative | einen garen | eine gare | ein gares | (keine) garen |
Derived terms edit
Adverb edit
gar
- (chiefly in the negative) at all; even
- Synonym: überhaupt
- Sie hat gar kein Geld.
- She has no money at all.
- Er ist gar nicht gekommen.
- He didn't even show up. / He didn't show up at all.
- 2010, Der Spiegel[1], number 25/2010, page 80:
- Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.
- In the opinion of many economists, there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these, banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.
- (chiefly formal or literary) even; expressing a climax
- (chiefly formal or literary, with zu) all
- (Austria, Switzerland, otherwise archaic, poetic) very; quite; really
- Synonyms: ganz, recht, sehr, ziemlich; see also Thesaurus:sehr
- Das war gar frech von dir!
- That was quite impertinent of you!
- 1845, Heinrich Hoffmann, Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug (Struwwelpeter):
- Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug
- The Very Sad Tale with the Matches
Derived terms edit
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish gar (“short; near”). See Middle Irish gerr (“short”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire or neasa)
Declension edit
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | gar | ghar | gara; ghara² | |
Vocative | ghair | gara | ||
Genitive | gaire | gara | gar | |
Dative | gar; ghar¹ |
ghar; ghair (archaic) |
gara; ghara² | |
Comparative | níos gaire | |||
Superlative | is gaire |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms edit
- gar- (“near, close; approximate”)
Noun edit
gar m (genitive singular gair, nominative plural garanna)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gar | ghar | ngar |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 gar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Preposition edit
gar (with accusative)
Middle English edit
Noun edit
gar
- Alternative form of gare
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“pointed stick, spear”).
Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gār m
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Back-formation from gary, which is an alteration of *garki, a non-standard form of garnki, plural of garnek, from Proto-Slavic *gъrnъ.
Noun edit
gar m inan
- (colloquial) Augmentative of garnek
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
gar f
Further reading edit
Salar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kār. Compare to Shor қар, Kazakh қар (qar), Kyrgyz кар (kar), Southern Altai кар (kar), Azerbaijani qar, Turkish kar.
Noun edit
gar (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural [please provide])
References edit
Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “qar”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow
Scots edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gar (simple past and past participle gart or gert)
- to make (somebody or something do something)
- Whit gars ye say that? ― What makes you say that?
Related terms edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronoun edit
gar
- us (direct object)
- Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh? ― Who will help us?
Usage notes edit
- Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:
- Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish gorim, from Proto-Celtic *gʷrenso-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrenso- (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”); see also Old Irish grís (“heat (of the sun), fire, embers”), Sanskrit घ्रंस (ghraṃsa, “heat of the sun”), Latin formus (“warm”), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), English warm.[2]
Verb edit
gar (past ghar, future garaidh, verbal noun garadh, past participle garte)
- warm
- a' garadh an làmhan ris an teine ― warming their hands at the fire
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 92 iii, 95 iii (1)
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish غار (gar), from French gare.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gar (definite accusative garı, plural garlar)
- station (railway)
Related terms edit
References edit
- Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
Turkmen edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *kār.
Noun edit
gar (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gar
- Soft mutation of car.
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
car | gar | nghar | char |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West Tarangan edit
Noun edit
gar
Further reading edit
- Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
- Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
- E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48