Wiktionary

User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ku

< User:Victar
 This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Particle

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*ku[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. interrogative particle, where?, when?, why?

Derived terms

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  • *kʷ-éy, *kʷ-óy (secondary dat.sg.)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Old Prussian: quei (“where?”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷóy
      • Ancient Greek: ποῖ (poî, “whither? whereto? where?”), πόσε (póse, “whither?”)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷoi (“who?, what?”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *kʷéy-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *kʷēs (“who?”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷéys
        • Ancient Greek: πεῖ (peî, “where”, adv.) (Doric)
  • *kú-t (secondary abl.sg.)
  • *kú-i, *kʷ-í (secondary loc.sg.)
  • *kú-r, *kú-ri (“where”, secondary loc.sg.)[4]
    • Proto-Albanian: *kur
      • Albanian: kur (“when?”)
    • Armenian: *kʰur
      • Old Armenian: ուր (ur, “where?”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kur
      • Lithuanian: kur (“where?”)
  • *kú-h₁ (secondary instr.sg.)[4]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūˀ
      • Lithuanian: kū, kũ (“was”) (dialectal)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kúH[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúH
        • Sanskrit: [script needed] (kū́)
      • Proto-Iranian: *kúH
        • Old Avestan: [script needed] (kū)
          • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (cū)
    • ⇒ *kúh₁-s[4]
  • *kú-tre
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kútras[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kútras
        • Sanskrit: [script needed] (kútras)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kúθrah
        • Avestan: [script needed] (kuθra)
  • *ku-ne[4] (+ *ne)
    • Proto-Germanic: *-hun (see there for further descendants)
  • *kú-dʰe (“where?”)[4] (+ *dʰe (locative particle))
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Luwian: [script needed] (kuwatti

hluw. REL(-a)-ti(-i) /kwau/) lyd. kud, urar. *kUdha, urital. *kúðe (lat. -cubt, ubt, ursabell. *pufe), kymr. cwdd, aks. klide

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34
  2. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 120-122
  5. ^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 1: Proto-Indo-European phonology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 27
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