arbeir

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸarebereti. Equivalent to ar- +‎ beirid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /arˈbʲerʲ/

Verb

ar·beir (prototonic ·airbir, verbal noun airbert)

1. Followed by bith (“world”):
   1. to live
   2. to use, employ
   3. to eat

      Synonyms: ithid, caithid

2. to reproach, subdue
3. (grammar) to express

For quotations using this term, see Citations:arbeir.

Inflection

Complex, class B I present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			ar·beir	arid·beram (with infixed pronoun id-)		ar·berat	ar·berar	ar·bertar
	Prot.			·airbir				·airberar
Imperfect indicative	Deut.						ar·mbertis
	Prot.				·erbirmis
Preterite	Deut.			ar·bert
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.	ar·ruburt		ar·rubart			ar·rubartatar
	Prot.			·arbart			·arrbartatar
Future	Deut.
	Prot.	·airbéer		·erbéra
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.			·erbérad
Present subjunctive	Deut.		ara·mbere (relative)	ara·mbera (relative); ara·roibrea (ro-form)	ara·mberam (relative)		*ar·berat	ar·mberthar (relative)	ar·bertar
	Prot.			·arbera	·arbaram	·airbirid	·arbarat
Past subjunctive	Deut.	ar·berainn		ar·berad
	Prot.		·airbertha				·airbertis	·airberthe
Imperative			airbir
Verbal noun		airbert
Past participle		erberdu (dative singular); airbirthi (nominative plural)
Verbal of necessity		erbirthi

Derived terms

• ad·tairbir
• do·airbir
• in·tairbir

 

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ar·beir	ar·beir pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/	ar·mbeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “arbeir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language