atbaill
Old Irish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom ess- (“out of”) + Class B third-person singular neuter infixed pronoun d- (“it”) + Proto-Celtic *balnīti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“throw”). Thus literally ‘throw it’, originally either a euphemism or slang.
The preterite forms in at·bath- and the verbal noun apthu are from ess- + d- + original preterite passive form of baïd (“to die”), from Proto-Celtic *bayeti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“tread”) (via a euphemistic meaning similar to pass away).
Compare Middle Welsh aballu (“die, perish”) (from *ad-balni-), Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “throw”), Old English cwelan (“die”), Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “torment, torture”), Lithuanian gėlà (“pain”)), compare Old Armenian կամ (kam, “to stand”), Latvian gāja (“went”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editat·baill (prototonic ·epil, verbal noun epeltu or apthu)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:atbaill.
Conjugation
editThe identification of this verb's present conjugation class is highly controversial due to simultaneously exhibiting alternation between a nasal suffixed present (seen in the -ll- ← -ln- attested only in the present stem) and non-nasal-suffix non-present stems characteristic of B IV and B V verbs in addition to the palatalization pattern of a B I verb. Virtually every author places this verb in a different conjugation class. Thurneysen classifies this as B V,[1] McCone classifies this as B III,[2] Le Mair classifies this as B I,[3] and Anderson creates an entire new conjugation class reserved for this verb, ernaid, sernaid, and marnaid.[4]
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 552, page 357
- ^ McCone, Kim (1997) The Early Irish Verb (Maynooth Monographs 1), 2nd edition, Maynooth: An Sagart, →ISBN, pages 30–31
- ^ Le Mair, Esther (2011) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses (Ph.D. thesis), Galway: National University of Ireland, page 281
- ^ Anderson, Cormac (2016) Consonant colour and vocalism in the history of Irish (Ph.D. thesis), Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University, page 277
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “at-bail(l)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₂-
- Old Irish terms prefixed with ess-
- Old Irish terms prefixed with d-
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish complex verbs
- Old Irish class B V present verbs
- Old Irish t preterite verbs
- Old Irish é future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs
- Old Irish suppletive verbs
- sga:Death