d-

Translingual edit

Prefix edit

d-

(SI prefix, metrology) deci- (“×10^-1”)
Coordinate terms: (deca-/deka-) D-, da-, Da-, DA-, dk-, Dk-, DK-
(chemistry) deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+)).

Lushootseed edit

Prefix edit

d-

my

Maltese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /d/

Article edit

d-

Alternative form of il-

Usage notes edit

Used after a vowel and before the letter d. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Navajo edit

Etymology edit

Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease); cognate with Haida -d-, Eyak -d-, and Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix).

Prefix edit

d-

the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms
yizéés ― he’s singing it (yi-∅-zéés)

yidéés ― it’s being sung (yi-d-zéés)

Old Irish edit

Alternative forms edit

n-
nd-

Prefix edit

d- (class B & C infixed pronoun)

him (triggers nasalization)
it (triggers lenition)

Usage notes edit

This form merges with the prefixes ad-, aith-, ess-, and in- to form at-; with com- to become cot-; and with fris- become frit-.

Derived terms edit

Old Irish terms prefixed with d-

See also edit

Old Irish affixed pronouns

See Appendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.

Person	Infixed			Suffixed
Person	Class A	Class B	Class C	Suffixed
1 sing.	m-^L	dom-^L, dam-^L		-um
2 sing.	t-^L	dot-^L, dat-^L, dut-^L, dit-^L		-ut
3 sing. m.	a-^N, e-^N	d-^N	id-^N, did-^N, d-^N	-i, -it
3 sing. f.	s-^(N)	da-		-us
3 sing. n.	a-^L, e-^L	d-^L	id-^L, did-^L, d-^L	-i, -it
1 pl.	n-	don-, dun-, dan-		-unn
2 pl.	b-	dob-, dub-, dab-		-uib
3 pl.	s-^(N)	da-		-us
^L means this form triggers lenition. ^N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis) ^(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

Ye'kwana edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [d-]

Prefix edit

d-

(Cunucunuma River dialect) Alternative form of y- (“third-person prefix”).

Inflection edit

Ye'kwana personal markers

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-¹						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-¹
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/öd-, o-, oy-/od-, a-, ay-/ad-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü	y-/d-, ch-, ∅-, i-¹			chö-	n-, ni-	n-, ni-
distant past third person	tüwü	—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

References edit

Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 284, 293–295, 298–299