bꜥḥj

Egyptian

FWOTD – 25 October 2020

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈbiʕħit/ → /ˈbiʕħiʔ/ → /ˈbeʕħa/ → /ˈβeʕħə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbiʕħit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbiʕħiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbeʕħa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈβeʕħə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɑːhi/
  • Conventional anglicization: bahi

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (intransitive, of liquids and rays of light) to flow
2. (transitive, intransitive) to inundate or be inundated, to flood
3. (transitive, intransitive) to flood with light
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13:

     ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

     One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

4. (intransitive, of food) to be present in abundance, to overflow
5. (intransitive, of people, places, containers, etc.) to have abundance

Inflection

Conjugation of bꜥḥj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: bꜥḥ, geminated stem: bꜥḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
bꜥḥ	bꜥḥw, bꜥḥyw, bꜥḥ	bꜥḥt, bꜥḥwt, bꜥḥyt	bꜥḥ	bꜥḥ, bꜥḥy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
bꜥḥ8	ḥr bꜥḥ	m bꜥḥ	r bꜥḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	bꜥḥ.n	bꜥḥw, bꜥḥ, bꜥḥy	consecutive	bꜥḥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	bꜥḥt
perfective3	bꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	bꜥḥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	bꜥḥ, bꜥḥy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	bꜥḥw, bꜥḥ, bꜥḥy	bꜥḥḥ	potentialis1	bꜥḥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	bꜥḥ, bꜥḥy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	bꜥḥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	bꜥḥw1, bꜥḥy, bꜥḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	bꜥḥ	bꜥḥy, bꜥḥ
imperfective	bꜥḥḥ, bꜥḥḥy, bꜥḥḥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	bꜥḥḥ, bꜥḥḥj6, bꜥḥḥy6	bꜥḥḥ, bꜥḥḥw5
prospective	bꜥḥw1, bꜥḥy, bꜥḥ, bꜥḥtj7	—	bꜥḥwtj1 4, bꜥḥtj4, bꜥḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜥḥj  

bꜥḥj	bꜥḥj

Derived terms

• bꜥḥw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 448.11–449.25
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 81