See also: cain, Cain, -cain-, caín, Caín, Caïn, càin, and Cáin

Irish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Irish cáin (law, rule, fine, tax, tribute). The verb is from Middle Irish cáinid (revile, rail at, reproach), from the noun.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

cáin f (genitive singular cánach or cána, nominative plural cánacha)

  1. (literary)
    1. law, rule, regulation, set of laws or rules or regulations
    2. due, tribute
  2. fine, penalty
    Synonym: fíneáil
  3. impost, tax, taxation

Declension edit

Standard inflection (fifth declension):

Alternative inflection (third declension):

Derived terms edit

Verb edit

cáin (present analytic cáineann, future analytic cáinfidh, verbal noun cáineadh, past participle cáinte) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. fine (issue a fine as punishment)
  2. criticise, condemn, censure

Conjugation edit

Alternative conjugation:

Mutation edit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cáin cháin gcáin
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading edit

Old Irish edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (tribute, law).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

cáin f

  1. law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule
  2. legal due, fine, tax, tribute

Inflection edit

Feminine i-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative cáin cáinL cánaiH
Vocative cáin cáinL cánaiH
Accusative cáinN cáinL cánaiH
Genitive cánoH, cánaH cánoH, cánaH cánaeN
Dative cáinL cánaib cánaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Irish: cáin
  • Scottish Gaelic: càin

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
cáin cháin cáin
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading edit