censure

EnglishEdit

WOTD – 30 September 2015

English Wikipedia has an article on:

censure

EtymologyEdit

From 1350–1400 Middle English censure, from Old French, from Latin censūra (“censor's office or assessment”), from censere (“to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc.”).

PronunciationEdit

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn.ʃə/
- (UK, now rare) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛns.jʊə/, /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/
(US) IPA^(key): /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/
Audio (AU) (file)

NounEdit

censure (countable and uncountable, plural censures)

The act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension.
- 1776, Edward Gibbon, “Chapter 1 part ii”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], OCLC 995235880:
  Censure, which arraigns the public actions and the private motives of princes, has ascribed to envy, a conduct which might be attributed to the prudence and moderation of Hadrian.
- 1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson [from the Encyclopædia Britannica]”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, OCLC 30956848:
  Both the censure and the praise were merited.
An official reprimand.
Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment.
- c. 1589–1590, Christopher Marlo[we], Tho[mas] Heywood, editor, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Ievv of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, OCLC 1121318438, Act PROLOGUE SPOKEN AT COURT:
  He that hath past
  So many censures is now come at last
  To have your princely ears […]
- 1679–1715, Gilbert Burnet, “(please specify the page)”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England., London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […]:
  excommunication […] being the chief ecclesiastical censure
(obsolete) Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:
  Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment.

Related termsEdit

English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱens-‎ (0 c, 14 e)

TranslationsEdit

the act of blaming, criticizing, or condemning as wrong; reprehension

Armenian: պարսավանք (hy) (parsavankʿ), նախատինք (hy) (naxatinkʿ)
Old Armenian: դսրով (dsrov)
Bulgarian: неодобрение (bg) n (neodobrenie)
Catalan: censura (ca) f
Finnish: moittiminen (fi)
Galician: censura (gl) f
German: Tadel (de) m, Zurechtweisung f, Kritik (de) f, Ermahnung (de) f, Tadeln (de) m, Zurechtweisen (de) n, Kritisieren n, Ermahnen n
Greek:
Ancient: ὄνειδος n (óneidos)
Middle English: blame
Russian: порица́ние (ru) n (poricánije), нарека́ние (ru) n (narekánije)
Sanskrit: निन्दा (sa) f (nindā)
Spanish: censura (es) f
Tagalog: pula (tl)
Tocharian B: nāki ?
Ukrainian: осуд m (osud), засудження n (zasudžennja)
Zazaki: sansur

an official reprimand

Bulgarian: порицание (bg) n (poricanie)
Finnish: moitteet pl
German: Tadel (de) m, Verweis (de) m, Rüge (de) f
Russian: вы́говор (ru) m (výgovor), замеча́ние (ru) n (zamečánije)
Ukrainian: засудження n (zasudžennja)

judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand

Finnish: tuomio (fi)

VerbEdit

censure (third-person singular simple present censures, present participle censuring, simple past and past participle censured)

To criticize harshly.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene v]:
  I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty.
- 1946 January and February, T. S. Lascelles, “A Series of False Signals”, in Railway Magazine, page 43:
  The Woodwalton signalman, Rose, who was severely censured in Captain Tyler's report, behaved with great negligence.
To formally rebuke.
(obsolete) To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.
- 1625, John Fletcher; Philip Massinger, “The Elder Brother. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, OCLC 3083972, Act I, scene ii:
  Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer.

SynonymsEdit

See also Thesaurus:reprehend

Related termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

to criticize harshly

Arabic: لَام‎ (ar) (lām), اِسْتِنْكَر‎ (istinkar), اِسْتِهْجَن‎ (istihjan)
Egyptian Arabic: لام‎ (laam), استنكر‎ (estankar), استهجن‎ (estahgen)
Bulgarian: порицавам (bg) (poricavam)
Catalan: censurar (ca)
Czech: plísnit (cs), zavrhnout (cs), odsoudit (cs), vyplísnit
Esperanto: admoni
Finnish: tuomita (fi)
Galician: censurar (gl)
German: tadeln (de), monieren (de), kritisieren (de), verurteilen (de), verdammen (de)
Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (anaqiþan)
Indonesian: mengecam (id)
Maori: wenerau
Tagalog: pulaan

to formally rebuke

Bulgarian: осъждам (bg) (osǎždam)
German: tadeln (de), Verweis erteilen, Rüge erteilen, rügen (de), Tadel erteilen
Greek:
Ancient: εὐθύνω (euthúnō)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked