capitalis

Latin

Etymology

From caput (“head”) +‎ -ālis.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ka.piˈtaː.lis/, [käpɪˈt̪äːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ka.piˈta.lis/, [käpiˈt̪äːlis]

Adjective

capitālis (neuter capitāle, comparative capitālior); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. (relational) of the head or life
2. dangerous, which concerns the life or death

   Synonyms: anceps, perīculōsus, dubius, īnfēnsus

3. deadly, mortal

   Synonyms: lētālis, pestifer

4. excellent

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	capitālis	capitāle		capitālēs	capitālia
Genitive	capitālis			capitālium
Dative	capitālī			capitālibus
Accusative	capitālem	capitāle		capitālēs capitālīs	capitālia
Ablative	capitālī			capitālibus
Vocative	capitālis	capitāle		capitālēs	capitālia

Related terms

• capital

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: capitali
  • Italian: capitale
    • → Dutch: kapitaal
      • → Indonesian: kapital
    • → German: Kapital, Capital (obsolete)
      • → Yiddish: קאַפּיטאַל (kapital)
    • → Piedmontese: capital
  • Sardinian: cabidali, capitali, capitale, caudali
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: cjavedâl, čhavedâl
  • Venetian: cavedal
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: chatel, captel, catel, chetel
    • Middle French: chaiptel, chatel, chetel
      • French: cheptel
      • Norman: catel
      • → Norman: chatel
    • → Middle English: catel; chatel
      • English: cattle; chattel
      • Scots: cattle
    • → Middle Dutch: caftel, cachtel
      • Dutch: kachtel
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: cabdal; cabal (< *capālis)
  • Old Occitan: capdal, captal
    • Occitan: cabdal
• West Iberian:
  • Aragonese: cadal
  • Asturian: caudal
  • Old Spanish: cabdal
    • Spanish: caudal
      • → Portuguese: caudal
  • Portuguese: cabedal
• Borrowings:
  • → Aromanian: capitalj
  • → Asturian: capital
  • → Catalan: capital
  • → Middle English: capital
    • English: capital
  • → French: capital
  • → Friulian: capitâl
  • → Galician: capital
  • → Portuguese: capital
  • → Romansch: capital, chapital, chapitêl, chapitala, tgapitala
  • → Romanian: capital
  • → Spanish: capital
    • → Cebuano: kapital
  • → Venetian: capital
  • → Vilamovian: kapitaoł

References

• “capitalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “capitalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• capitalis
• capitalis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• capitalis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be separated by a deadly hatred: capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2)
    
  • to charge some one with a capital offence: accusare aliquem rei capitalis (rerum capitalium)
    
• “capitalis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “capitalis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin