capital
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- capitall (obsolete)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English capital, borrowed from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (in sense “head of cattle”), from caput (“head”) (English cap). Use in trade and finance originated in Medieval economies when a common but expensive transaction involved trading heads of cattle.
Compare chattel and kith and kine (“all one’s possessions”), which also use “cow” to mean “property”.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
capital (countable and uncountable, plural capitals)
- (uncountable, economics) Already-produced durable goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures).
- (uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.
- He does not have enough capital to start a business.
- (countable) A city designated as a legislative seat by the government or some other authority, often the city in which the government is located; otherwise the most important city within a country or a subdivision of it.
- 1995, Fang, Linda, The Chʻi-lin Purse: A Collection of Ancient Chinese Stories[1], New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, →ISBN, LCCN 94-9909, OCLC 214972990, OL 1086004M, page 54:
- Lin Hsiang-ju immediately said to the king of Ch’in, “If Ta-wang wants fifteen cities from Chao, the king of Chao should also get something in return. What about giving him Hsien-yang as a gift?’ Hsien-yang was the capital of Ch’in.
- 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
- From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. […] But viewed from high up in one of the growing number of skyscrapers in Sri Lanka’s capital, it is clear that something extraordinary is happening: China is creating a shipping hub just 200 miles from India’s southern tip.
- Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.
- The Welsh government claims that Cardiff is Europe’s youngest capital.
- (countable) The most important city in the field specified.
- 2010 September, Charlie Brennan, "Active Athletes", St. Louis magazine, ISSN 1090-5723, volume 16, issue 9, page 83:
- Hollywood is the film capital, New York the theater capital, Las Vegas the gambling capital.
- 2010 September, Charlie Brennan, "Active Athletes", St. Louis magazine, ISSN 1090-5723, volume 16, issue 9, page 83:
- (countable) An uppercase letter.
- (countable, architecture) The uppermost part of a column.
- (uncountable) Knowledge; awareness; proficiency.
- Interpreters need a good amount of cultural capital in order to function efficiently in the profession.
- (countable, by extension) The chief or most important thing.
Usage notesEdit
The homophone capitol refers only to a building, usually one that houses the legislative branch of a government, and often one located in a capital city.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
- (An uppercase letter): minuscule
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
AdjectiveEdit
capital (not comparable)
- Of prime importance.
- 1708, Francis Atterbury, Fourteen Sermons Preach'd on Several Occasions : Preface
- a capital article in religion
- 1852, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening:
- whatever is capital and essential in Christianity
- 1708, Francis Atterbury, Fourteen Sermons Preach'd on Several Occasions : Preface
- Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation.
- London and Paris are capital cities.
- (comparable, Britain, dated) Excellent.
- That is a capital idea!
- 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 166:
- Sometimes he laughed heartily as if he heard some capital joke; by degrees this lessened, and he spoke rapidly, but in very low tones.
- (crime) Punishable by, or involving punishment by, death.
- 1709, [Jonathan Swift], A Project for the Advancement of Religion, and the Reformation of Manners. […], London: […] Benj[amin] Tooke, […], OCLC 220146796, pages 53–54:
- Neither could the Legiſlature in any thing more conſult the Publick Good, than by providing ſome effectual Remedy againſt this Evil, which in ſeveral Caſes deſerves greater Puniſhment than many Crimes that are capital among us.
- 1649, J[ohn] Milton, ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], OCLC 1044608640:
- to put to death a capital offender
- 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 517:
- Some 1,600 priests were deported, for example, while the total number of capital victims of the military commissions down to 1799 was only around 150.
- Uppercase.
- Antonym: lower-case
- One begins a sentence with a capital letter.
- used to emphasise greatness or absoluteness
- You're a genius with a capital G!
- He's dead with a capital D!
- 2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, in BBC[2]:
- In recent years, much has been made of the lack of new heavyweight male star power in mainstream Hollywood. Talented performers may be everywhere, but Movie Stars, capital M, capital S, are something else.
- Of or relating to the head.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
- Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise / Expect with mortal pain.
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Derived termsEdit
- block capital
- block capitals
- capital account
- capital adequacy
- capital appreciation bond
- capital asset
- capital budgeting
- capital city
- capital crime
- capital equipment
- capital expenditure
- capital expense
- capital flight
- capital gain
- capital gains tax
- capital goods
- capital grant
- capital intensive
- capital loss
- capital market
- capital market line
- capital messuage
- capital murder
- capital offence
- capital offense
- capital punishment
- capital share
- capital ship
- capital stock
- capital structure
- capital surplus
- capital value
- capital-intensive
- capitalism
- cultural capital
- economic capital
- financial capital
- human capital
- intellectual capital
- make capital out of
- marginal cost of capital
- medial capital
- personal capital
- provincial capital
- real capital
- risk capital
- share capital
- small capital
- social capital
- state capital
- venture capital
- weighted-average cost of capital
- working capital
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “capital”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- capital at OneLook Dictionary Search
AnagramsEdit
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin capitālis.
AdjectiveEdit
capital (epicene, plural capitales)
NounEdit
capital f (plural capitales)
- capital city (city designated as seat of government)
capital m (plural capitales)
- capital (money)
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin capitālis.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
capital (feminine capitala, masculine plural capitals, feminine plural capitales)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
capital f (plural capitals)
- capital (city)
NounEdit
capital m (plural capitals)
- capital (finance)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “capital” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin capitālis. Doublet of cheptel.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
capital m (plural capitaux)
- capital (money and wealth)
AdjectiveEdit
capital (feminine capitale, masculine plural capitaux, feminine plural capitales)
- capital (important)
- La peine capitale est abolie en France depuis les années 1980.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “capital”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
Substantive form of capitālis (“mortal, relating to the head”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈka.pi.tal/, [ˈkäpɪt̪äɫ̪]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.pi.tal/, [ˈkäːpit̪äl]
NounEdit
capital n (genitive capitālis); third declension
- a capital offence; a crime punishable by death, civil death, or exile
- capital facere ― to commit a capital offence
DeclensionEdit
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | capital | capitālia |
Genitive | capitālis | capitālium |
Dative | capitālī | capitālibus |
Accusative | capital | capitālia |
Ablative | capitālī | capitālibus |
Vocative | capital | capitālia |
ReferencesEdit
- “capital”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “capital”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin capitālis. Doublet of cabedal and caudal.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
capital f (plural capitais)
- (geopolitics) capital; capital city (place where the seat of a government is located)
- (figurative) capital (the most important place associated with something)
NounEdit
capital m (plural capitais)
- (finances) capital (money that can be used to acquire goods and services)
- (figurative) anything of prime importance
Derived termsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
capital m or f (plural capitais)
- capital (of prime importance)
- (law) capital (involving punishment by death)
- (rare, anatomy) capital (relating to the head)
Related termsEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French capital, Latin capitālis.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
capital n (plural capitaluri)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) capital | capitalul | (niște) capitaluri | capitalurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) capital | capitalului | (unor) capitaluri | capitalurilor |
vocative | capitalule | capitalurilor |
AdjectiveEdit
capital m or n (feminine singular capitală, masculine plural capitali, feminine and neuter plural capitale)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | capital | capitală | capitali | capitale | ||
definite | capitalul | capitala | capitalii | capitalele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | capital | capitale | capitali | capitale | ||
definite | capitalului | capitalei | capitalilor | capitalelor |
RomanschEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin capitālis, from caput (“head”).
NounEdit
capital m (plural capitals)
Related termsEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin capitālis. Doublet of caudal.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /kapiˈtal/ [ka.piˈt̪al]
Audio (Latin America) (file) - Rhymes: -al
- Syllabification: ca‧pi‧tal
AdjectiveEdit
capital (plural capitales)
- capital (important)
- Es asunto de capital importancia.
- This is a very important matter.
- capital (relating to a death sentence)
- Lo condenaron a la pena capital.
- He was sentenced to the death penalty.
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
capital m (plural capitales)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
capital f (plural capitales)
- capital (city)
Further readingEdit
- “capital”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014