crudus

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from *crūrus (with dissimilation), from Proto-Italic *krūros, from Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂rós, from *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with English raw.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkruː.dus/, [ˈkruːd̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkru.dus/, [ˈkruːd̪us]

Adjective

crūdus (feminine crūda, neuter crūdum, comparative crūdior, superlative crūdissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. raw, bloody, bleeding
2. immature, unripe, premature
3. unprepared, raw, uncooked
4. (figuratively) crude, cruel, rough

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	crūdus	crūda	crūdum		crūdī	crūdae	crūda
Genitive	crūdī	crūdae	crūdī		crūdōrum	crūdārum	crūdōrum
Dative	crūdō		crūdō		crūdīs
Accusative	crūdum	crūdam	crūdum		crūdōs	crūdās	crūda
Ablative	crūdō	crūdā	crūdō		crūdīs
Vocative	crūde	crūda	crūdum		crūdī	crūdae	crūda

Related terms

• crūdēlē
• crūdēlis
• crūdēlitas
• crūdēliter
• crūdescō
• crūditas
• crūditātiō
• crūditō

 

Descendants

• Aromanian: crud
• → Asturian: crudu
• Catalan: cru
• Dalmatian: croit
• Franco-Provençal: cru
• Friulian: crût, crûd
• Italian: crudo
• Ligurian: crûo
• → Middle English: crude
  • English: crude (see there for further descendants)
• Occitan: crus
• Old French: cru
  • Middle French: crud
    • French: cru
• Old Galician-Portuguese: cruu
  • Galician: cru
  • Portuguese: cru (see there for further descendants)
• Piedmontese: cru
• Romanian: crud
• Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj
• Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu
• Sicilian: crudu
• → Spanish: crudo
• Venetian: cruo, cru, cruf

References

• “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• crudus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• crudus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN