crude

English edit

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crude

Etymology edit

From Middle English crude, borrowed from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked, undigested, crude”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”). More at raw.

Pronunciation edit

enPR: kro͞od, IPA^(key): /kɹuːd/
(Scotland) IPA^(key): /kɹʉd/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -uːd
Homophone: crewed (except Scotland)

Adjective edit

crude (comparative cruder, superlative crudest)

In a natural, untreated state.
Synonyms: raw, unrefined, unprocessed

crude oil
Characterized by simplicity, especially something not carefully or expertly made.
Synonyms: primitive, rough, rude, rudimentary

a crude shelter

a crude estimate

a crude guess
Lacking concealing elements.
Synonyms: obvious, plain, unadorned, undisguised

a crude truth
Lacking tact or taste.
Synonyms: blunt, coarse, earthy, gross, stark, uncultivated, vulgar

a crude remark

You shouldn't use such crude language when talking to the bank manager.
(archaic) Immature or unripe.
Synonyms: immature, unripe
(obsolete) Uncooked, raw.
- c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 63, lines 77–78:
  Her mete was very crude,
  She had not wel endude; […]
(grammar) Pertaining to the uninflected stem of a word.

Synonyms edit

(statistics: in an unanalyzed form): raw
See also Thesaurus:raw

Antonyms edit

(antonym(s) of "being in a natural state"): refined, processed

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Translations edit

being in a natural state

Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv), необрабо́тен (bg) (neobrabóten)
Catalan: cru (ca)
Czech: surový (cs) syrový (cs)
Dutch: ruw (nl), onbewerkt (nl), ongeraffineerd
Esperanto: kruda
French: cru (fr)
German: roh (de)
Greek: ακατέργαστος (el) (akatérgastos), ανεπεξέργαστος (el) (anepexérgastos)
Hebrew: גולמי m (golmy), גולמית f (golmyt)
Hungarian: nyers (hu), finomítatlan (hu)
Ido: kruda (io)
Italian: greggio (it) m, grezzo (it)
Macedonian: су́ров (súrov), необра́ботен (neobráboten)
Ottoman Turkish: خام (ham)
Persian: خام (fa) (xâm)
Polish: surowy (pl), nieoczyszczony
Portuguese: cru (pt), bruto (pt)
Russian: необрабо́танный (ru) (neobrabótannyj), сыро́й (ru) (syrój)
Spanish: crudo (es)
Swedish: rå (sv), grov (sv), rå-
Telugu: ముడి (te) (muḍi)
Vietnamese: thô (vi)

characterized by simplicity

Bulgarian: прост (bg) (prost), груб (bg) (grub)
Czech: prostý (cs)
Dutch: onafgewerkt, rudimentair (nl), primitief (nl)
Estonian: rohmakas, tahumatu
Finnish: yksinkertainen (fi)
German: einfach gestrickt, schlicht (de), grob gezimmert
Greek: αδρός (el) (adrós)
Hungarian: kezdetleges (hu)
Ido: kruda (io)
Italian: rustico (it), raffazzonato (it)
Latin: crudus
Macedonian: прост (prost), груб (grub)
Polish: prymitywny (pl)
Portuguese: rústico (pt)
Russian: примити́вный (ru) (primitívnyj), просто́й (ru) (prostój), про́стенький (ru) (próstenʹkij)
Spanish: rudimentario (es)
Swedish: enkel (sv)
Telugu: ముతక (te) (mutaka)

lacking concealing elements

Catalan: cru (ca)
Czech: zřejmý (cs), evidentní (cs), jasný (cs)
Dutch: naakt (nl)
French: cru (fr)
German: nackt (de), pur (de)
Greek: χονδροειδής (el) (chondroeidís)
Ido: kruda (io)
Italian: ovvio (it), crudo (it)
Macedonian: ја́вен (jáven), непри́криен (nepríkrien)
Plautdietsch: bollboarich
Portuguese: cru (pt) m
Russian: я́вный (ru) (jávnyj), неприкры́тый (ru) (neprikrýtyj)
Spanish: crudo (es)
Swedish: ohöljd (sv), oförblommerad (sv)

lacking tact or taste

Bulgarian: груб (bg) (grub)
Catalan: groller (ca)
Czech: neomalený (cs)
Dutch: ruw (nl), grof (nl), smakeloos (nl), vulgair (nl)
Finnish: karkea (fi)
French: vulgaire (fr) m or f, cru (fr)
German: derb (de), krude (de) (scholarly), krass (de) (slang), roh (de), grob (de)
Greek: άξεστος (el) (áxestos)
Hindi: सड़कछाप (saṛakchāp)
Hungarian: durva (hu), faragatlan (hu), nyers (hu)
Italian: volgare (it), crudo (it), semplice (it), grezzo (it)
Macedonian: груб (grub)
Polish: nieokrzesany (pl)
Portuguese: bruto (pt)
Russian: гру́бый (ru) (grúbyj)
Swedish: grov (sv), plump (sv), oborstad (sv)
Telugu: నాటు (te) (nāṭu)

statistics: in an unanalyzed form

Bulgarian: суро́в (bg) (suróv)
Dutch: ruw (nl)
French: brut (fr)
German: roh (de)
Greek: ανεπεξέργαστος (el) (anepexérgastos)
Hungarian: nyers (hu)
Italian: raffazzonato (it)
Persian: خام (fa) (xâm)
Russian: необрабо́танный (ru) (neobrabótannyj), сыро́й (ru) (syrój)
Spanish: en bruto (es)
Swedish: obearbetad, rå (sv)
Telugu: ముడి (te) (muḍi)

immature or unripe — see immature,‎ unripe

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} kruda petrolo, ^{(please verify)} nafto
Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} mentah (id)
Irish: ^{(please verify)} amhlabhrach (of speech)
Italian: (1,2) ^{(please verify)} greggio, grezzo, (3,4) ^{(please verify)} crudo (it)

Noun edit

crude (countable and uncountable, plural crudes)

Any substance in its natural state.
Crude oil.
- 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
  The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

→ Portuguese: crude

Translations edit

any substance in its natural state

German: Rohstoff (de) m
Greek: ακατέργαστος (el) m (akatérgastos), αργός (el) m (argós)
Hungarian: nyers (hu)
Italian: greggio (it) m, grezzo (it) m
Swedish: råämne (sv) n

crude oil — see crude oil

Anagrams edit

Druce, Ducre, cured

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈkru.de/
Rhymes: -ude
Hyphenation: crù‧de

Adjective edit

crude

feminine plural of crudo

Anagrams edit

curde

Latin edit

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkruː.de/, [ˈkruːd̪ɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkru.de/, [ˈkruːd̪e]

Adjective edit

crūde

vocative masculine singular of crūdus

References edit

crude in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Verb edit

crude

Alternative form of crouden

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Latin crūdus.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈkriu̯d(ə)/

Adjective edit

crude

unprocessed, uncooked, unworked (in a negative way)

Derived terms edit

crudelite

Descendants edit

English: crude (see there for further descendants)

References edit

“crūde, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-10.

Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English crude (“unrefined oil”). Doublet of cru.

Pronunciation edit

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.d͡ʒi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.de/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾu.dɨ/ [ˈkɾu.ðɨ]

Hyphenation: cru‧de

Noun edit

crude m (plural crudes)

crude oil (unrefined oil)