cruth

English

Noun

cruth (plural cruths)

1. Alternative spelling of crwth

References

• “cruth”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• rutch

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɞh/, /kɾˠɯh/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠʊ(h)/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, nominative plural cruthanna)

1. shape, appearance
2. state, condition
3. manner, mode

Declension

Declension of cruth

Third declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative cruth cruthanna Vocative a chruth a chruthanna Genitive crutha cruthanna Dative cruth cruthanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an cruth na cruthanna Genitive an chrutha na gcruthanna Dative leis an gcruth don chruth leis na cruthanna

Derived terms

• anchruth
• athchruth (“change of shape”)
• beathachruth
• buanchruth
• -chruthach
• comhchruthach
• creatchruth
• cruthach (“shapely”)
• cruthaigh (“create”)
• cruthlíne (“form line”)
• cruthúil (“shapely”)
• dea-chruthach
• droch-chruthach
• ilchruthach
• ilchruthacht (“polymorphism”)
• imchruth
• leabhairchruth
• míchruthach
• scáthchruth
• tonnchruth (“wave shape”)
• ubhchruth

 

Etymology 2

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular cruith, nominative plural cruitheacha)

1. Ulster form of crú (“horseshoe”)

Declension

Declension of cruth

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative cruth cruitheacha Vocative a chruith a chruitheacha Genitive cruith cruitheacha Dative cruth cruitheacha

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an cruth na cruitheacha Genitive an chruith na gcruitheacha Dative leis an gcruth don chruth leis na cruitheacha

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cruth	chruth	gcruth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• crud

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kruθ/

Noun

cruth m (genitive crotha)

1. form, shape
2. manner, way

Declension

Masculine u-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	cruth, crud	cruthL, crud	crothaeH
Vocative	cruth, crud	cruthL, crud	crothu
Accusative	cruthN, crud	cruthL, crud	crothu
Genitive	crothoH, crothaH	crothoL, crothaL	crothaeN
Dative	cruthL, crud	crothaib	crothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• cruthaigidir
• in chrud so
• in chruth sin

 

Descendants

• Irish: cruth
• Manx: croo
• Scottish Gaelic: cruth

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
cruth	chruth	cruth pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish cruth (“shape, form”), from Proto-Celtic *kʷritus, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɾuh/

Noun

cruth m (genitive singular crutha, plural cruthan or cruthannan)

1. shape, form

   Synonym: cumadh

Derived terms

• cruth-clò
• cruth-tìre

 

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
cruth	chruth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruth”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cruth”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language