crwth
See also: Crwth
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From earlier crowd, from Middle English crowde, reinforced by and cognate to Welsh crwth; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”).
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /kɹuθ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /kɹuːθ/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -uːθ
Noun edit
crwth (plural crwths)
- (historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing.
- 1895, John Frederick Rowbotham, The Troubadours and Courts of Love:
- We find in one period crwths, with the strings twanged with the right hand, and stopped above with the left, being held as we hold a violoncello to-day, but being small, on the lap.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
archaic stringed instrument
See also edit
References edit
- 1910, The Encyclopædia Britannica, page 513
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate.[1][2] Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”).[3] Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
crwth m (plural crythau)
- (music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol
- purring (of a cat)
- hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex
- anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box
Mutation edit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| crwth | grwth | nghrwth | chrwth |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “crott”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1642, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1642
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krutto”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 228
- ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “crwth”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page cruit
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “crwth”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies