Afrikaans edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Dutch deugd, from Middle Dutch dōget, from Old Dutch *dugeth, from Proto-Germanic *dugunþō (usefulness, virtue), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (to be ready, be sufficient).

Noun edit

deug (plural deugde)

  1. virtue
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Dutch deugen, from Middle Dutch dōgen, from Old Dutch dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

Verb edit

deug (present deug, present participle deugende, past participle gedeug)

  1. (intransitive) to be appropriate, to be adequate, to be fitting
  2. (intransitive) to be decent, to be virtuous

Dutch edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -øːx

Verb edit

deug

  1. inflection of deugen:
    1. first-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Old Irish edit

Etymology edit

Unknown. Originally a u-stem because of the u-coloured e.[1] Related to Welsh diod (drink).

Perhaps from Proto-Celtic *de- (from) +‎ *gus (pouring) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (to pour), compare Ancient Greek χόη (khóē, libation).[2] Or from Proto-Celtic *dīātis,[3] from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (to suck). Or related to *dʰǵʰúHs (fish) (see there).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

deug f (genitive dige)

  1. drink
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27a24
      Nachib·mided .i. nachib·berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, inna ndig et a mbiad, inna llíthu et a ssapati, act bad foirbthe far n‑iress.
      Let him not judge you, i.e. do not be borne into the institutions of the Law of the Old Testament, into their drink and their food, into their festivals and their sabbaths; but let your faith be perfect.
  2. draught
  3. potion

Inflection edit

Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative deugL digL deugaH
Vocative deugL digL deugaH
Accusative digN digL deugaH
Genitive digeH deugL deugN
Dative digL deugaib deugaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants edit

  • Middle Irish: deog, deoch
    • Irish: deoch
    • Manx: jough
    • Scottish Gaelic: deoch

Mutation edit

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
deog deog
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/
ndeog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References edit

  1. ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 308, page 195
  2. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996), “deog”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages D-51f.
  3. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “deug”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Further reading edit

Scottish Gaelic edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Irish déc, from Old Irish deec, deac, from Proto-Celtic *dekam-kʷe (literally and ten), with loss of the first k by dissimilation.[1] Cognate with Irish déag and Manx jeig.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /tʲiək/, /tʃiək/

Numeral edit

deug

  1. -teen

Usage notes edit

  • Used not as a suffix but as a separate word:
    ochdeight
    ochd deugeighteen

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter (1993), “Varia IV. OIr. dëec, dëac”, in Ériu, volume 44, pages 181–84