enrager

English

Etymology

From enrage +‎ -er.

Noun

enrager (plural enragers)

1. One who, or that which, enrages.
   • 1647, Jacob Behmen, translated by J[ohn] S[parrow], XL. Questions Concerning the Soule. Propounded by Dr. Balthasar Walter. And Answered, by Jacob Behmen. Aliàs Teutonicus Philosophus. And in His Answer to the First Question is the Turned Eye, or, Philosophick Globe. (Which in It Selfe Containeth All Mysteries) with an Exposition of It. […], London: […] M. S. for H[umphrey] Blunden, […], page 14:

     Now the Fire hath a wrathfull, harſh, ſtrong, bitter deſiring ſource which begetteth thirſt, a devouring and conſuming, and the great bitterneſſe is its right Spirit, an Enrager and awakener, which hath all Eſſences of the Life in it, and it is the power of the life and of the driving, otherwiſe there would be no burning.

   • 1673, S. C., The Art of Complaisance or The Means to Oblige in Conversation, London: […] John Starkey […], page 16:

     […] (who like Bulls chafed & enraged, bow their rugged fronts to the earth in a poſture to overturn their enragers.)

   • a. 1674, Thomas Traherne, Commentaries of Heaven, published 1989, page 64:

     And is it possible for Musick here / To enter in? first let me shed a Tear, / And then triumph, for Antichrist is slain / And the pure Sweets of victorie remain / Alone Behind: God met an Enime / In Him, was worthy of the Deitie / To grapple with and punish. Here we see / The Great Enrager of Felicitie. Triumphing Martyrs shed their precious Blood / Opposing him in Flames to do us Good.

   • 1691, Tho[mas] Tryon, Wisdom’s Dictates: or, Aphorisms & Rules, Physical, Moral, and Divine; for Preserving the Health of the Body, and the Peace of the Mind, Fit to Be Regarded and Practised by All That Would Enjoy the Blessings of the Present and Future World. […], London: […] Tho. Salusbury, […], page 30:

     How ſtrange then, and yet how true it is, that this Excellent Dignified Creature Man ſhould be the grand Trouble of the World, and the Enrager of all the Elements.

   • 1965, James H. Meisel, editor, Pareto & Mosca, Prentice-Hall, page 37:

     Pareto has a secure place among the great enragers of mankind.

   • 2001, Ḥayim Rabinovits, Da’ath Sofrim, H. Vagshal Publishing Ltd., →ISBN, page 144:

     The tents of the marauders are peaceful and those of the enragers of God are secure, because God brought it to his hand.

   • 2019, Rita McGrath, “Customers, Not Hostages”, in Seeing Around Corners: How to Spot Inflection Points in Business Before They Happen, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 82:

     Once something comes along that allows them to capture the benefits they seek but eliminates the “tolerable” feature, that attribute becomes a “dissatisfier” and eventually an “enrager.” Netflix took advantage of this DVD inflection point to introduce an entirely different model for its customers, one that eliminated the enrager of excessive fees.

French

Etymology

First attested in Old French, corresponding to en- +‎ rage +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

enrager

1. (obsolete) to have rabies
2. to enrage, anger, infuriate
3. to inflame, arouse

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written enrage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of enrager (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	enrager
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	enrageant /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		enragé /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enrages /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enrageons /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/	enragez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/	enragent /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/
	imperfect	enrageais /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/	enrageais /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/	enrageait /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/	enragions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/	enragiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒje/	enrageaient /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	enrageai /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/	enrageas /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/	enragea /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/	enrageâmes /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒam/	enrageâtes /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒat/	enragèrent /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɛʁ/
	future	enragerai /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁe/	enrageras /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁa/	enragera /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁa/	enragerons /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/	enragerez /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁe/	enrageront /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	enragerais /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	enragerais /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	enragerait /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/	enragerions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	enrageriez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒə.ʁje/	enrageraient /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enrages /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	enragions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒjɔ̃/	enragiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒje/	enragent /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/
	imperfect2	enrageasse /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/	enrageasses /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/	enrageât /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa/	enrageassions /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	enrageassiez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒa.sje/	enrageassent /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	enrage /ɑ̃.ʁaʒ/	—	enrageons /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒɔ̃/	enragez /ɑ̃.ʁa.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “enrager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• régnera