erbaid
Old Irish
editEtymology
editProbably from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti or *erbeti (“to entrust”). Cognate with Old Irish orb (“heir”), Latin orbus (“bereft, parentless”), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphan”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 (arbja, “inheritance”), if the root of these words is Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ- (“to bequeath”) rather than *h₃erbʰ- as traditionally reconstructed.[1][2] However, the latter reconstruction can be retained if Pedersen is correct that the Old Irish verb comes not from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti but rather from *ɸare-orbyeti, with reinterpretation of the expected prototonic *·air’rbai as a simple conjunct ·erbai with new absolute forms built to it.[3]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editerbaid (conjunct ·erbai, verbal noun erbud)
- to entrust (with do or fri + the people entrusted)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10b27
- is hed ro·erpad dom dom thoschid
- This is what was entrusted to me for my sustenance.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25d20
- ro·creitsid-si a forcell forro·gelsam-ni dúib di laithiu brátho ɫ. ro·erbad dún-ni forcell do·thabirt díb-si i llaithiu bratho
- You have believed the testimony that we have testified unto you of Doomsday, or, we were entrusted to bear testimony of you on Doomsday.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 8c12
- amal as friss ro·airptha
- as they have been entrusted to them
- c. 700–800 Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 2865
- Is and-sin iarum erpais in leig togu dó, imbad buith fora huthar co cend mbliadna ⁊ beathu dó iarum, fa nert trí lá ⁊ trí n-aidchi fochétóir do imbirt fora náimdib.
- It is hereafter that [Fingin] the physician gave him [Cethern] a choice: a year-long illness after which [Cethern] can get help, or strength (effective immediately) for three days and three nights to use on his enemies.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10b27
- to trust
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
- In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
- When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b12
- ní ind ḟessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Dia
- it is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
Inflection
editSimple, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present indicative | Abs. | erbaid; eirbthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) | |||||||
Conj. | ·érpimm | ·erpi | ·erbai | ·erbat | |||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Imperfect indicative | ·erbtis, ·erbtais | ||||||||
Preterite | Abs. | erpais | |||||||
Conj. | ·eirpset | ·erbad | ·airptha | ||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Perfect | Deut. | ro·eirpset | ro·erbad | ro·airptha | |||||
Prot. | ·rerb, ·reirb, ·rerp | ||||||||
Future | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | ·eirbea, ·erba | ||||||||
Rel. | |||||||||
Conditional | |||||||||
Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
Conj. | ·irpaid | ||||||||
Rel. | erpther | ||||||||
Past subjunctive | ·erbainn | ||||||||
Imperative | erpid | ||||||||
Verbal noun | erbud | ||||||||
Past participle | |||||||||
Verbal of necessity |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editMutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
erbaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) |
unchanged | n-erbaid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
edit- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. ?*erb-(i̯)e/o - ‘?anvertrauen, ?hinterlassen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 292-94
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*erb-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
- ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 513–14
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “erbaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513
Categories:
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish simple verbs
- Old Irish class A II present verbs
- Old Irish s preterite verbs
- Old Irish f future verbs
- Old Irish a subjunctive verbs
- sga:Human behaviour