gainithir

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ganyetor, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yétor, deponent present of *ǵenh₁-.

Verb

gainithir (conjunct ·gainedar, verbal noun gein)

1. to be born
   • c. 750-800 Tairired na nDessi from Rawlinson B 502, published in "The Expulsion of the Dessi", Y Cymmrodor (1901, Society of Cymmrodorion), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, vol. 14, pp. 104-135, paragraph 8

     B[irt] Cui[ni]u ingin dó .i. Eithne Úatha[ch]. Bæ Bri mac Bairceda in druí isin dún in aidchi ro·genair Eithne.

     Cuiniu bore a daughter to [Crimthann], i.e. Eithne the Dread. The druid Bri, son of Baircid, was in the fort in the night when Eithne was born.

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 11^a17

     .i. a n-ail inna ndead ɫ. int uisque iarsin ganim ɫ. is hé Crist ro·genir post.

     [describing a rock] i.e. their rock behind them, or the water along the sand, or it is Christ who was born post.

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 44^a11

     .i. intan do·fuissemar sechtair a síl-sin ⁊ gainethar hón mathir is and is ainm dó fructus.

     i.e. when that seed is brought forth and is born of the mother, it is then that its name is fructus.

Inflection

Simple, class B II present, reduplicated preterite, a future, a subjunctive, deponent

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	abs.
	conj.			·gainedar	·gainemmar		·gainetar
	rel.			gainethar, genethar
imperfect indicative
preterite	abs.
	conj.			·génair			·génatar
	rel.
perfect	deut.	ro·génar		ro·génair			ro·génartar
	prot.
future	abs.			gignithir
	conj.			·gignethar
	rel.			gignathar; génathar
conditional				·gigned
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.
	rel.
past subjunctive
imperative
verbal noun		gein
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ad·gainethar

Descendants

• Irish: gin
• Scottish Gaelic: gin
• ⇒ Middle Irish: modgénair, mogénar (from mad génair (“fortunately was born”))
  • Irish: méanar
  • Manx: maynrey

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language