gin
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Abbreviation of geneva, alteration of Dutch genever (“juniper”) from Old French genevre (modern French genièvre), from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”). Hence gin rummy (first attested 1941).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin (countable and uncountable, plural gins)
- A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.
- (uncountable) Gin rummy.
- (poker) Drawing the best card or combination of cards.
- Johnny Chan held jack-nine, and hit gin when a queen-ten-eight board was dealt out.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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References edit
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “gin”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- “gin”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Etymology 2 edit
Partly from Middle English gin, ginne (“cleverness, scheme, talent, device, machine”), from Old French gin, an aphetism of Old French engin (“engine”); and partly from Middle English grin, grine (“snare, trick, stratagem, deceit, temptation, noose, halter, instrument”), from Old English grin, gryn, giren, geren (“snare, gin, noose”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin (plural gins)
- (obsolete) A trick; a device or instrument.
- (obsolete) A scheme; contrivance; artifice; a figurative trap or snare.
- c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 64, lines 91–94:
- The church dores were sparred,
Fast boltyd and barryd,
Yet wyth a prety gyn
I fortuned to come in, […]
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- treason and deceiptfull gin
- A snare or trap for game.
- A machine for raising or moving heavy objects, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.
- (mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
- A pile driver.
- A windpump.
- A cotton gin.
- An instrument of torture worked with screws.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past and past participle ginned)
- (transitive) To remove the seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.
- (transitive) To trap something in a gin.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Italian: ginnare
Translations edit
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Middle English ginnen (“to begin”), contraction of beginnen.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past gan, past participle gun)
- (archaic) To begin.
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 14:
- Gon. All three of them are deſperate : their great guilt / (Like poyſon giuen to worke a great time after) / Now gins to bite the ſpirits : […]
Etymology 4 edit
Borrowed from Dharug dyin (“woman”), but having acquired a derogatory tone.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin (plural gins)
- (Australia, now considered offensive, ethnic slur) An Aboriginal woman.
- 1869, Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, volume 1, page 273:
- His next shot was discharged amongst the mob, and most unfortunately wounded the gin already mentioned ; who, with a child fastened to her back, slid down the bank, and lay, apparently dying, with her legs in the water.
- 1879 December 31, “Obituary”, in The Hobart Mercury, page 2:
- On December 28, in the same year [1828], he [John Allen] fought single handed a tribe of native blacks, numbering from thirteen to eighteen, besides "gins" to bring them spears, waddies, etc.
- 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter XXI, [1]
- From my position I could see the gins pointing back, and as the men turned they looked for a moment and then made a wild rush for the entrance.
- 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XXI, in Capricornia, D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 353:
- How they must have laughed about the strutting of her whose mother was a wanton and aunt a gin!
- 1988, Tom Cole, Hell West and Crooked, Angus & Robertson, published 1995, page 179:
- Dad said Shoesmith and Thompson had made one error that cost them their lives by letting the gins into the camp, and the blacks speared them all.
- 2008, Bill Marsh, Jack Goldsmith, Goldie: Adventures in a Vanishing Australia, unnumbered page:
- But there was this gin there, see, what they called a kitchen girl.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Aboriginal Words, Oxford University Press, 1990, →ISBN, page 167.
Etymology 5 edit
Cognate to Scots gin (“if”): perhaps from gi(v)en,[1] or a compound in which the first element is from Old English ġif (English if) and the second is cognate to English an (“if”) (compare iffen),[1] or perhaps from again.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
gin
- (chiefly Scotland, Northern England, Southern US, Appalachia) If.
- 1605, Richard Verstegan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, in Antiquities: Concerning the Most Noble, and Renowned English Nation:
- 1804, Robert Couper, Poetry, I. 196:
- Gin the plough rests on the bank, / The loom, the nation, dies.
- 1809, Thomas Donaldson, Poems, section 76:
- An' gin I'm weel and can keep sober / You may look for it in October.
- 1815, Robert Anderson, Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, page 152:
- He's get han' and siller, / Gin he fancies me.
- 1860, J. P. K. Shuttleworth, Scarsdale; Or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Border, Thirty Years Ago, page 158:
- yon felley at Barleigh has wrote farrantly (fairly) to my naunt; gin Robin could bur see ť letter he'd foind no fawt wi' me.
- 1870, John Christopher Atkinson, Lost; or, What came of a slip from 'honour bright'., page 19:
- Wheeah, Ah thinks thee could, gin ye tried.
- 1876, Mrs. George Linnaeus Banks, The Manchester Man, page 15:
- "Aw'd never ha slept i' mi bed gin that little un had bin dreawnded, an' me lookin' on loike a stump. Neay; that lass wur Bess, moi wench. We'n no notion wheer th' lad's mother is." Mr. Clough would have pressed the money upon him, but he put it back with a motion of his han.
- 1880, Wooers, Banks, I. iv:
- […] gin schoo sets off in a tantrum an' flaah's t'mistress wiv her blutherin […]
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “gin”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
Anagrams edit
Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin m inan
- gin (alcoholic beverage)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
gin
Declension edit
Inflection of gin (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | gin | ginit | ||
genitive | ginin | ginien | ||
partitive | giniä | ginejä | ||
illative | giniin | gineihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | gin | ginit | ||
accusative | nom. | gin | ginit | |
gen. | ginin | |||
genitive | ginin | ginien | ||
partitive | giniä | ginejä | ||
inessive | ginissä | gineissä | ||
elative | ginistä | gineistä | ||
illative | giniin | gineihin | ||
adessive | ginillä | gineillä | ||
ablative | giniltä | gineiltä | ||
allative | ginille | gineille | ||
essive | gininä | gineinä | ||
translative | giniksi | gineiksi | ||
abessive | ginittä | gineittä | ||
instructive | — | ginein | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Further reading edit
- “gin”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2024-04-05
French edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin m (plural gins)
Further reading edit
- “gin”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish gein, verbal noun of gainithir (“is born”), from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (“be born, bear”)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (“beget, bear”), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “become”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “beget”)).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin f (genitive singular gine, nominative plural ginte)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Verb edit
gin (present analytic gineann, future analytic ginfidh, verbal noun giniúint, past participle ginte)
- give birth to (used only in the autonomous form)
- germinate, sprout; spring forth; originate
- beget, procreate
- generate, produce
Conjugation edit
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | ginim | gineann tú; ginir† |
gineann sé, sí | ginimid | gineann sibh | gineann siad; ginid† |
a ghineann; a ghineas / a ngineann*; a ngineas* |
gintear |
past | ghin mé; ghineas | ghin tú; ghinis | ghin sé, sí | ghineamar; ghin muid | ghin sibh; ghineabhair | ghin siad; ghineadar | a ghin / ar ghin* |
gineadh | |
past habitual | ghininn / ngininn‡‡ | ghinteá / nginteᇇ | ghineadh sé, sí / ngineadh sé, s퇇 | ghinimis; ghineadh muid / nginimis‡‡; ngineadh muid‡‡ | ghineadh sibh / ngineadh sibh‡‡ | ghinidís; ghineadh siad / nginidís‡‡; ngineadh siad‡‡ | a ghineadh / a ngineadh* |
ghintí / ngint퇇 | |
future | ginfidh mé; ginfead |
ginfidh tú; ginfir† |
ginfidh sé, sí | ginfimid; ginfidh muid |
ginfidh sibh | ginfidh siad; ginfid† |
a ghinfidh; a ghinfeas / a nginfidh*; a nginfeas* |
ginfear | |
conditional | ghinfinn / nginfinn‡‡ | ghinfeá / nginfeᇇ | ghinfeadh sé, sí / nginfeadh sé, s퇇 | ghinfimis; ghinfeadh muid / nginfimis‡‡; nginfeadh muid‡‡ | ghinfeadh sibh / nginfeadh sibh‡‡ | ghinfidís; ghinfeadh siad / nginfidís‡‡; nginfeadh siad‡‡ | a ghinfeadh / a nginfeadh* |
ghinfí / nginf퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go ngine mé; go nginead† |
go ngine tú; go nginir† |
go ngine sé, sí | go nginimid; go ngine muid |
go ngine sibh | go ngine siad; go nginid† |
— | go ngintear |
past | dá ngininn | dá nginteá | dá ngineadh sé, sí | dá nginimis; dá ngineadh muid |
dá ngineadh sibh | dá nginidís; dá ngineadh siad |
— | dá ngintí | |
imperative | ginim | gin | gineadh sé, sí | ginimis | ginigí; ginidh† |
ginidís | — | gintear | |
verbal noun | giniúint | ||||||||
past participle | ginte |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms edit
- athghin (“regenerate”, verb)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gin | ghin | ngin |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Janday edit
Noun edit
gin
Further reading edit
- John Gladstone Steele, Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
gin
Louisiana Creole edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from French gagner (“to earn, to gain”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gin
- (transitive) to have (to own, to possess)
- Mâ tant gin dé sœr. ― My aunt has two sisters.
- (transitive) to have under one's control, in one's power
- (transitive) to have (a condition), to be
- (transitive) to be (an age)
- Li gin 19 zan. ― She's 19 years old. (literally, “She has 19 years.”)
- (copulative) to get, to become
- (transitive) to get, to make (cause someone or something to do something)
- (auxiliary) to have to
- (auxiliary) should
- Synonym: sé
- (auxiliary) to be going to, will
Usage notes edit
- Mirrors the use of French avoir (“to have”) in some ways. For example, Louisiana Creole gin pou mirrors French avoir pour (“to be obligated to”).
Derived terms edit
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
gin
- Nonstandard spelling of gīn.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English gin.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin m inan
- gin (alcoholic beverage)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
gin n (plural ginuri)
Declension edit
Scots edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate to dialectal English gin (“if”), which see for more.
Conjunction edit
gin
- if (conditional; subjunctive)
- Gin A war ye, A wad gang. ― If I were you, I would go.
- 1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 124:
- Then says the squire,
Gin that be all your fear,
She sanna want a man, for want of gear.
A thousand pounds a year, well burthen free,
I mak her sure of, gin she'll gang with me.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old English [Term?].
Preposition edit
gin
- Against; nearby; towards.
- gin night ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish gainithir (“is born”), from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (“be born, bear”)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (“beget, bear”), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “become”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “beget”)).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gin (past ghin, future ginidh, verbal noun gintinn, past participle ginte)
Derived terms edit
Mutation edit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
gin | ghin |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “gin”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][3], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -in
Noun edit
gin m (plural gines)
Further reading edit
- “gin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
gin
- Romanization of 𒁺 (gin)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
gin c or n
- gin (liquor)
Declension edit
Declension of gin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | gin | ginen | — | — |
Genitive | gins | ginens | — | — |
Declension of gin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | gin | ginet | — | — |
Genitive | gins | ginets | — | — |
See also edit
- enbär (“juniper berry”)
References edit
- gin in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- gin in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- gin in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Welsh edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
gin
- (colloquial) (North Wales) first-person singular of gan
- (colloquial) (North Wales) second-person singular of gan
Wiradjuri edit
Noun edit
gin
- Alternative spelling of geen
Yola edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
gin
- if
- Synonym: yith
- 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 3:
- Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,
- [If we have no more meat, it makes no more matter,]
References edit
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137
Yoruba edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
gin