garder
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From garde, from French garde (“guard”).
NounEdit
garder c (singular definite garderen, plural indefinite gardere)
- guardsman (member of a guard)
InflectionEdit
Declension of garder
SynonymsEdit
NounEdit
garder c
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French, Old French guarder, from Frankish *wardon, from Proto-Germanic *ward-, corresponding to garde + -er. Compare Italian guardare, Spanish guardar, English guard, ward.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
garder
- (transitive) to keep; to retain; to store; to save
- garder les yeux ouverts ― to keep eyes open
- Elle a le droit de garder secrètes la plupart de ses caractéristiques.
- She has the right to keep most of her characteristics secret.
- (transitive) to guard
- Ils gardent le bâtiment. ― They guard the building.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be careful (de faire not to do)
- il se garde de dire n'importe quoi. ― He is careful not to say anything.
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of garder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | garder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gardant /ɡaʁ.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gardé /ɡaʁ.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardes /ɡaʁd/ |
garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardons /ɡaʁ.dɔ̃/ |
gardez /ɡaʁ.de/ |
gardent /ɡaʁd/ |
| imperfect | gardais /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardais /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardait /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ |
gardions /ɡaʁ.djɔ̃/ |
gardiez /ɡaʁ.dje/ |
gardaient /ɡaʁ.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gardai /ɡaʁ.de/ |
gardas /ɡaʁ.da/ |
garda /ɡaʁ.da/ |
gardâmes /ɡaʁ.dam/ |
gardâtes /ɡaʁ.dat/ |
gardèrent /ɡaʁ.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | garderai /ɡaʁ.də.ʁe/ |
garderas /ɡaʁ.də.ʁa/ |
gardera /ɡaʁ.də.ʁa/ |
garderons /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ |
garderez /ɡaʁ.də.ʁe/ |
garderont /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | garderais /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderais /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderait /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ |
garderions /ɡaʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
garderiez /ɡaʁ.də.ʁje/ |
garderaient /ɡaʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardes /ɡaʁd/ |
garde /ɡaʁd/ |
gardions /ɡaʁ.djɔ̃/ |
gardiez /ɡaʁ.dje/ |
gardent /ɡaʁd/ |
| imperfect2 | gardasse /ɡaʁ.das/ |
gardasses /ɡaʁ.das/ |
gardât /ɡaʁ.da/ |
gardassions /ɡaʁ.da.sjɔ̃/ |
gardassiez /ɡaʁ.da.sje/ |
gardassent /ɡaʁ.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | garde /ɡaʁd/ |
— | gardons /ɡaʁ.dɔ̃/ |
gardez /ɡaʁ.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived termsEdit
- avoir gardé les cochons ensemble
- chacun son métier, les vaches seront bien gardées
- chasse gardée
- garde à vous
- garde-robe
- garder à l'esprit
- garder la boutique
- garder la tête froide
- garder la tête haute
- garder les pieds sur terre
- garder pour soi
- garder son calme
- garder son sang-froid
- garder son sérieux
- garder une poire pour la soif
- je te garde un p'tit de ma chienne
- raison garder
- toutes proportions gardées
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “garder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
Middle FrenchEdit
VerbEdit
garder
- Alternative form of guarder
ConjugationEdit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of garder
| infinitive | simple | garder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | gardant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gardé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
| imperfect | gardois, gardoys | gardois, gardoys | gardoit, gardoyt | gardions, gardyons | gardiez, gardyez | gardoient, gardoyent | |
| past historic | garda | gardas | garda | gardasmes | gardastes | garderent | |
| future | garderai, garderay | garderas | gardera | garderons | garderez | garderont | |
| conditional | garderois, garderoys | garderois, garderoys | garderoit, garderoyt | garderions, garderyons | garderiez, garderyez | garderoient, garderoyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | garde | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
| imperfect | gardasse | gardasses | gardast | gardassions | gardassiez | gardassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | garde | — | gardons | gardez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
NormanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- gardaïr (Guernsey)
EtymologyEdit
From Old French guarder, from Frankish *wardon, equivalent to garde + -er.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (Jersey) (file)
VerbEdit
garder (gerund gardéthie)
- (Jersey, transitive) to keep
- (Jersey, transitive) to babysit
Derived termsEdit
- garder les livres (“to keep accounts”)
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
garder m
- indefinite plural of gard
Old FrenchEdit
VerbEdit
garder
- Alternative form of guarder
ConjugationEdit
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of garder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | garder | avoir gardé | |||||
| gerund | en gardant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | gardant | ||||||
| past participle | gardé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | gart | gardes | garde | gardons | gardez | gardent |
| imperfect | gardoie, gardeie, gardoe, gardeve | gardoies, gardeies, gardoes, gardeves | gardoit, gardeit, gardot, gardeve | gardiiens, gardiens | gardiiez, gardiez | gardoient, gardeient, gardoent, gardevent | |
| preterite | gardai | gardas | garda | gardames | gardastes | garderent | |
| future | garderai | garderas | gardera | garderons | garderoiz, gardereiz, garderez | garderont | |
| conditional | garderoie, gardereie | garderoies, gardereies | garderoit, gardereit | garderiiens, garderiens | garderiiez, garderiez | garderoient, gardereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | gart | garz | gart | gardons | gardez | gardent |
| imperfect | gardasse | gardasses | gardast | gardissons, gardissiens | gardissoiz, gardissez, gardissiez | gardassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | garde | — | gardons | gardez | — | ||