garnir
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French garnir, from Old French guarnir (“to protect (oneself), armour up”), from Frankish *warnijan (“to ward, take care of something”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, be careful, take heed, refuse, withhold”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”). Compare Italian guarnire and Portuguese guarnir. Cognate with Middle Dutch waernen (“to provide, equip”), Middle Low German warnen, wernen (“to secure, arm”), Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent”), Old Norse varna (“to prevent, refuse, protect”). Related to English warn.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
garnir
Conjugation edit
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | garnir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | garnissant /ɡaʁ.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | garni /ɡaʁ.ni/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/ |
garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
imperfect | garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ |
garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ |
garnissait /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ |
garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ |
garnissaient /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnîmes /ɡaʁ.nim/ |
garnîtes /ɡaʁ.nit/ |
garnirent /ɡaʁ.niʁ/ | |
future | garnirai /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/ |
garniras /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/ |
garnira /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/ |
garnirons /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
garnirez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/ |
garniront /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
garnirait /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
garnirions /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
garniriez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁje/ |
garniraient /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ |
garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
imperfect2 | garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/ |
garnît /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/ |
garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/ |
— | garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Russian: гарни́р m (garnír)
Further reading edit
- “garnir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Icelandic edit
Noun edit
garnir
Middle French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old French garnir.
Verb edit
garnir
- to equip; to furnish with
- to decorate
- c. 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
- Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer
- Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay
Descendants edit
- French: garnir (see there for further descendants)
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Verb edit
garnir
- Alternative form of guarnir
Conjugation edit
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | garnir | avoir garni | |||||
gerund | en garnissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | garnissant | ||||||
past participle | garni | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | garnis | garnis | garnist | garnissons | garnissez | garnissent |
imperfect | garnissoie, garnisseie | garnissoies, garnisseies | garnissoit, garnisseit | garnissiiens, garnissiens | garnissiiez, garnissiez | garnissoient, garnisseient | |
preterite | garni | garnis | garni | garnimes | garnistes | garnirent | |
future | garnirai | garniras | garnira | garnirons | garniroiz, garnireiz, garnirez | garniront | |
conditional | garniroie, garnireie | garniroies, garnireies | garniroit, garnireit | garniriiens, garniriens | garniriiez, garniriez | garniroient, garnireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | garnisse | garnisses | garnisse | garnissons | garnissez | garnissent |
imperfect | garnisse | garnisses | garnist | garnissons, garnissiens | garnissoiz, garnissez, garnissiez | garnissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | garnis | — | garnissons | garnissez | — |