goddef

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh goðef, from Proto-Brythonic *gwoðėβ̃jɨd, from Proto-Celtic *uɸodamyeti (compare Old Irish fo·daim).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɔðɛv/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɔðɛ/
• (South Wales, standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡoːðɛv/, /ˈɡɔðɛv/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡoːðɛ/, /ˈɡɔðɛ/

Verb

goddef (first-person singular present goddefaf)

1. (transitive) to suffer, to endure, to stand, to put up with

   Alla i ddim goddef y peth.

   I can't stand it.

2. (transitive) to permit, to allow, to let

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	goddefaf	goddefi	goddefa	goddefwn	goddefwch	goddefant	goddefir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	goddefwn	goddefit	goddefai	goddefem	goddefech	goddefent	goddefid
preterite	goddefais	goddefaist	goddefodd	goddefasom	goddefasoch	goddefasant	goddefwyd
pluperfect	goddefaswn	goddefasit	goddefasai	goddefasem	goddefasech	goddefasent	goddefasid, goddefesid
present subjunctive	goddefwyf	goddefych	goddefo	goddefom	goddefoch	goddefont	goddefer
imperative	—	goddefa	goddefed	goddefwn	goddefwch	goddefent	goddefer
verbal noun	goddef
verbal adjectives	goddefedig goddefadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	goddefa i, goddefaf i	goddefi di	goddefith o/e/hi, goddefiff e/hi	goddefwn ni	goddefwch chi	goddefan nhw
conditional	goddefwn i, goddefswn i	goddefet ti, goddefset ti	goddefai fo/fe/hi, goddefsai fo/fe/hi	goddefen ni, goddefsen ni	goddefech chi, goddefsech chi	goddefen nhw, goddefsen nhw
preterite	goddefais i, goddefes i	goddefaist ti, goddefest ti	goddefodd o/e/hi	goddefon ni	goddefoch chi	goddefon nhw
imperative	—	goddefa	—	—	goddefwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• dioddef (“to suffer”)
• goddefedd (“passivity, tolerance”)
• goddefgar (“forbearing, tolerant”)
• goddefiad (“tolerance, toleration”)
• goddefol (“passive”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
goddef	oddef	ngoddef	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “goddef”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies