grád
See also: grad
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish grád, but with /d̪ˠ/ restored under the influence of English and French grade; all of which are borrowed from Latin gradus.
Noun edit
grád m (genitive singular gráid, nominative plural gráid)
Declension edit
Declension of grád
Derived terms edit
- díghrádaigh (“degrade”, verb)
- grád gnó (“business class”)
- grád pá (“pay grade”)
- grádach (“graded”)
- grádaigh (“grade; rate, scale; graduate, calibrate”, verb)
- grádán (“grade, gradient”)
- íosghrádaigh (“downgrade”, verb)
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
grád
- (dialectal) first-person singular present subjunctive of gráigh (“love”)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
grád | ghrád | ngrád |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “grád”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “grád” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “grád” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Celtic *gʷrādus.
Noun edit
grád n (genitive gráda, nominative plural grád)
Inflection edit
Neuter u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | grádN | grádL | grádL, gráda |
Vocative | grádN | grádL | grád |
Accusative | grádN | grádL | grád |
Genitive | grádoH, grádaH | grádoN, grádaN | grádN |
Dative | grádL | grádaib | grádaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Descendants edit
- Irish: grá
- Manx: graih
- Scottish Gaelic: gràdh
- ⇒ Middle Irish: grádaigidir
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 grád (‘love, affection’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
grád n (genitive gráid, nominative plural gráid)
- grade, degree
- rank, order
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28c7
- ma chomalnit a ngrád ꝉ apud plebiles ma rud·choiscset a mmuintir
- if they fulfill their orders or, among the plebiles, if they have corrected their household
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28c7
- (Christianity) holy orders
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
- Ní taibre grád for nech causa a pectha ꝉ a chaíngníma: ar biit alaili and ro·finnatar a pecthe resíu do·coí grád forru; alaili is íarum ro·finnatar. Berir dano fri láa brátha
- You sg should not confer orders on anyone because of his sin or of his good deed: for there are some whose sins are known before their ordination, others whose [sins] are known afterwards. Reference is made, then, to the day of judgment.
- (literally, “…before orders shall go upon them…”)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 29a28
Inflection edit
Neuter o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Vocative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Accusative | grádN | grádN | grádL, gráda |
Genitive | gráidL | grád | grádN |
Dative | grádL | grádaib | grádaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 grád (‘grade, degree’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
grád | grád pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngrád |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |