grad

See also: grád, gråd, grąd, Grad, and град

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɹæd/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æd

Noun

grad (plural grads)

1. Abbreviation of graduate.
2. Abbreviation of graduation.
3. (geometry, trigonometry) Abbreviation of gradian.

Derived terms

• grad school
• grad student

 

See also

• deg
• rad

Etymology 2

Noun

grad (plural grads)

1. Alternative letter-case form of Grad

Anagrams

• Gard, darg, drag, gard

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German gerade, gerat, from Old High German rado (“fast”, adverb), from rad (“fast”, adjective), from Proto-West Germanic *hrad (“quick, hasty”). Cognate with German gerade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑd/

Adverb

grad

1. now, at the moment
   • 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher, (transcript):

     Mir si grad am Esse, aber Si gönd gern mitesse, wen Si wend.

     We're eating at the moment, but you can gladly join us for dinner if you like.

2. exactly

Chinese

Etymology

From clipping of English graduate.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwet¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwet¹
    • Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwet⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: guéd¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɛːt̚⁵/

Verb

grad

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to graduate

Related terms

• grad din

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡ̊ʁɑðˀ]
• Homophone: græd

Noun

grad c (singular definite graden, plural indefinite grader)

1. degree

   i allerhøjeste grad

   to the very highest degree

   til en sådan grad, at

   to such a degree that

2. degree (180th of pi)

   Drej 90 grader i positiv omløbsretning (mod uret).

   Turn 90 degrees in the positive direction of circumambulation (counterclockwise).

3. (mostly in compounds) academic degree

   Hun tog en grad i ægyptologi.

   She got a degree in egyptology.

Declension

Declension of grad

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	grad	graden	grader	graderne
genitive	grads	gradens	graders	gradernes

German

Etymology

Contraction of gerade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʁaːt/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːt
• Homophones: Grad, Grat

Adverb

grad

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of gerade

Further reading

• “grad” in Duden online
• “grad” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch graad, from Middle Dutch graet, from Latin gradus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡrat]
• Hyphenation: grad

Noun

grad

1. grade, degree, level

   Synonym: derajat

2. dignity, prestige

   Synonym: martabat

Alternative forms

• gréd (Standard Malay)

Related terms

• degradasi
• gradasi

 

Further reading

• “grad” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Luxembourgish

Adverb

grad

1. just, just now

   Mäi Brudder ass grad heemkomm

   My brother has just come home

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin gradus.

Noun

grad m (definite singular graden, indefinite plural grader, definite plural gradene)

1. degree (general)
2. an academic degree
3. degree (of angle)
4. degree (of latitude or longitude)
5. degree (of temperature)
6. rank (e.g. military)

Derived terms

• bachelorgrad
• breddegrad
• doktorgrad
• gradestokk
• lengdegrad
• minusgrad
• varmegrad

 

References

• “grad” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin gradus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑːd/

Noun

grad m (definite singular graden, indefinite plural gradar, definite plural gradane)
grad f (definite singular grada, indefinite plural grader, definite plural gradene)

1. a degree (general)
2. an academic degree
3. degree (of angle)
4. degree (of latitude or longitude)
5. degree (of temperature)
6. rank (e.g. military)

Derived terms

• bachelorgrad
• breiddegrad
• doktorgrad
• gradestokk
• gradvis
• lengdegrad
• minusgrad
• varmegrad

 

References

• “grad” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Latin gradus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑd/

Noun

grad m

1. grade, step, order, degree, rank

Declension

Declension of grad (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	grad	gradas
accusative	grad	gradas
genitive	grades	grada
dative	grade	gradum

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898), “grad”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Polish

grad

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrat/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: grad
• Homophone: grat

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-.

Noun

grad m inan

1. hail (balls of ice)

Declension

Declension of grad

	singular
nominative	grad
genitive	gradu
dative	gradowi
accusative	grad
instrumental	gradem
locative	gradzie
vocative	gradzie

Derived terms

adjective

• gradowy

 

nouns

• gradobicie
• gradzina

 

Etymology 2

Noun

grad m inan

1. (geometry, trigonometry) gradian

Declension

Declension of grad

	singular	plural
nominative	grad	grady
genitive	gradu	gradów
dative	gradowi	gradom
accusative	grad	grady
instrumental	gradem	gradami
locative	gradzie	gradach
vocative	gradzie	grady

Further reading

• grad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• grad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French grade, ultimately from Latin gradus.

Noun

grad n (plural grade)

1. degree (unit of measurement for temperature)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *groddo, ultimately from the root of greas (“to hasten”).

Adjective

grad

1. sudden, immediate, instant
2. quick, rapid, swift, alert, agile

Derived terms

• gu grad

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

Noun

grȃd m (Cyrillic spelling гра̑д)

1. city, town
2. fortress, castle
3. downtown, city center

Declension

Declension of grad

	singular	plural
nominative	grȃd	grȁdovi / grȃdi (poetic, regional)
genitive	grȃda	grȁdōvā / gradóvā / grádā (poetic, regional)
dative	grȃdu	grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional)
accusative	grȃd	grȁdove / grȃde (poetic, regional)
vocative	grȃde	grȁdovi / grȃdi (poetic, regional)
locative	grádu	grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional)
instrumental	grȃdom	grȁdovima / gradòvima / grȃdima (poetic, regional)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *gradъ, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₃d-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâd/

Noun

grȁd m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏д)

1. hail

Declension

Declension of grad

	singular	plural
nominative	grȁd	grȁdi
genitive	grȁda	grȃdā
dative	grȁdu	grȁdima / grȁdma (poetic)
accusative	grȁd	grȁde
vocative	grȁde	grȁdi
locative	grȁdu	grȁdima / grȁdma (poetic)
instrumental	grȁdom	grȁdima / grȁdma (poetic)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin gradus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

Noun

grȃd m (Cyrillic spelling гра̑д)

1. (mathematics) gradian
2. degree (measuring unit in various systems; the more usual and general term is stȅpēn or stȗpanj)

Declension

Declension of grad

	singular	plural
nominative	grȃd	grȃdi
genitive	grȃda	grádī / grádā
dative	grȃdu	grȃdima / grádima
accusative	grȃd	grȃde
vocative	grȃde	grȃdi
locative	grádu	grȃdima / grádima
instrumental	grȃdom	grȃdima / grádima

Slavomolisano

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian grad (“city, town, fortress”). The extended meaning of ‘country’ is a semantic loan from Italian paese.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâːd/

Noun

grad m

1. village
2. country

Declension

    declension of grad (inan series-1b masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	grad	grada
genitive	grada	gradi
dative	gradu	gradami, gradi
accusative	grad	grada
locative	gradu	grada
instrumental	gradom, gradam	gradami, gradi

References

• Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale).
• Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡráːt/

Noun

grȃd m inan

1. castle
2. (archaic) city

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing.	grád
gen. sing.	gradú
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	grád	gradôva	gradôvi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	gradú	gradôv	gradôv
dative (dajȃlnik)	grádu	gradôvoma	gradôvom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	grád	gradôva	gradôve
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	grádu	gradôvih	gradôvih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	grádom	gradôvoma	gradôvi

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	grád
gen. sing.	gráda
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	grád	gráda	grádi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	gráda	grádov	grádov
dative (dajȃlnik)	grádu	grádoma	grádom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	grád	gráda	gráde
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	grádu	grádih	grádih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	grádom	grádoma	grádi

Further reading

• “grad”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin gradus

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːd

Noun

grad c

1. a degree (on a thermometer or other scale)
   1. (cooking) A measurement of acetic acid, corresponding to 6 cl of a 24% solution or 12 cl of a 12% solution.
      • 2012 June 12, “Inlagd löksill [Pickled onion herring]”, in My little bakery‎^[2]:

        Lag: 3,5 dl vatten; 0,5 äggkopp salt; 1 grad ättika.

        Pickle: 3.5 dl water; 0.5 egg cup salt; 1 degree vinegar.

      • 2017 November 14, Minna Wallén-Widung, “9 oväntade sätt att använda ättika på [9 unexpected ways to use vinegar]”, in Allas‎^[3]:

        […] späd 2 grader ättika med vatten till 0,5 liter.

        […] dilute 2 degrees vinegar with water to 0.5 liters.

2. a degree (from a university), a title
3. a rank

Declension

Declension of grad
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	grad	graden	grader	graderna
Genitive	grads	gradens	graders	gradernas

Related terms

• breddgrad
• degradera
• doktorsgrad
• frihetsgrad
• gradbeteckning
• gradera
• gradering
• gradient
• gradmätning
• gradualavhandling
• gradvis
• höggradig
• magistergrad
• minusgrad
• plusgrad
• retrograd
• svårighetsgrad
• tjänstegrad
• uppgradera
• urbaniseringsgrad
• verkningsgrad

 

Anagrams

• drag