jibarizar
Spanish
editEtymology
editFrom jíbaro + -izar, after the Jivaroan peoples' practice of making shrunken heads.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Spain) /xibaɾiˈθaɾ/ [xi.β̞a.ɾiˈθaɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /xibaɾiˈsaɾ/ [xi.β̞a.ɾiˈsaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ji‧ba‧ri‧zar
Verb
editjibarizar (first-person singular present jibarizo, first-person singular preterite jibaricé, past participle jibarizado)
- (colloquial, with a negative connotation) to reduce, to diminish, to shrink, to lessen
- 1970, Política y espíritu:
- En esa materia, la candidatura del señor Alessandri ha hecho ya su opción: jibarizar nuestra visión de Chile y apelar, en consecuencia, a lo más egoísta, pequeño e irrelevante de los chilenos para entregar una paz ficticia
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1994, Eduardo Labarca Goddard, Butamalón:
- nuestras virtudes se jibarizan y nuestros defectos engordan elefantiásicamente
- our virtues are winnowing away and our defects are mushrooming
- 2015 July 24, “Si hubiese Gobierno”, in El País[1]:
- Si el Gobierno tuviese presidente, se instalaría en Barcelona, o en Castellfollit de la Roca (se supone que son también España), durante unas semanas, escuchando, hasta tener una idea, un proyecto, una reforma que fuese algo más que hacer nada, jibarizar el Estado autonómico o preanunciar escarmientos.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of jibarizar (c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | |||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | |||||||
plural | |||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos |
tú||||||
imperfect | |||||||
preterite | |||||||
future | |||||||
conditional | |||||||
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | vos2 |
tú||||||
imperfect (ra) |
|||||||
imperfect (se) |
|||||||
future1 | |||||||
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | vos |
tú||||||
negative | no jibarices | no jibarice | no jibaricemos | no jibaricéis | no jibaricen |
Selected combined forms of jibarizar (c-z alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with gerund | |||||||
dative | , | , | |||||
accusative | , , | , , | |||||
with informal second-person singular tú imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with informal second-person singular vos imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | , | not used | , | ||||
with formal second-person singular imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | , | not used | ||||
accusative | not used | , , | not used | , | |||
with first-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with informal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | ||||||
accusative | not used | , | , | ||||
with formal second-person plural imperative | |||||||
dative | not used | not used | , | ||||
accusative | not used | , | not used | , , |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “jibarizar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28