kakak
See also: kakák
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Malay kakak (“older sister”), from Classical Malay kakak, from Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
- For sense of older brother, semantic loan from Hokkien 哥哥 (ko-ko, “older brother”) and semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
- For sense of form of address to husband in marital relationship, semantic loan from Javanese ꦏꦏꦁ, ꦏꦏ, ꦏꦏꦏ꧀ (kakang, kaka, kakak).
Noun edit
kakak (plural kakak-kakak, first-person possessive kakakku, second-person possessive kakakmu, third-person possessive kakaknya)
- (literally or figuratively, formal) older sibling
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Sumatra and Kalimantan) older sister
- (literally or figuratively, chiefly Jakarta and Java) older brother
- (chiefly Jakarta) a form of address to an older person (same generation or one generation before)
- (colloquial) a form of address to any stranger
Usage notes edit
- In common situations, kakak may be used to address older sibling (brothers or sisters, gender neutral). But, in area with Malay as native language, kakak is only used to address older sisters, as in Standard Malay kakak.
- In formal situations (e.g. to address a customer), kakak may be used to address someone with impression she/he is not 'old person' (youthful nuance).
Alternative forms edit
Synonyms edit
- (older sister): see Thesaurus:kakak
- (older brother): see Thesaurus:abang
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Onomatopoeic, compare to Tagalog kakak.
Root edit
kakak
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “kakak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese edit
Romanization edit
kakak
- Romanization of ꦏꦏꦏ꧀.
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayic *kakaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kakak (Jawi spelling کاکق, plural kakak-kakak, informal 1st possessive kakakku, 2nd possessive kakakmu, 3rd possessive kakaknya)
- sister (older woman or girl having the same parents)
- (rare) sibling (older person who shares same parents)
- (rare) brother (older male sibling)
- term of address for a female acquaintance who is a bit older
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Tagalog edit
Alternative forms edit
- cacac — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
Etymology edit
Onomatopoeic. Compare Indonesian kakak.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kakak (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜃ᜔)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “kakak”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018