-nya
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-nya
- (dative) to him, to her, to it
- (objective after preposition) him, her, it
- (accusative) him, her, it
- his, her, its (attributive: belonging to him / her / it)
- Ini rumahnya. ― This is his / her / its house.
Usage notesEdit
- “-nya” as a third-person singular possessive (possession): “Budi mengambil uangnya di bank.” means "uang" is owned by Budi.
- “-nya” as a third-person singular objective: “Budi menemaninya ke bank.” (active), or “Ani ditemaninya ke bank.” (passive). “-nya” works as a replacement of “Ani” in the former and “Budi” in the latter sentence.
- “-nya” as a definite marker: “Budi, uangnya di mana?”. The definite marker means that the money in question is a specific money, not just any money. Similar to the definite article "the" in “Budi, where is the money?”
- “-nya” as a possessed case: “Ini uangnya Budi, bukan uangnya Ani.”, “Uangnya Budi di mana?” considered redundant in standard grammar, but common in casual speech.
- “-nya” as a verb nominalizer: “Kamu makannya jangan begitu.” The “-nya” here changes the verb “makan” into a noun.
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “-nya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
KamberaEdit
PronounEdit
-nya
ParticleEdit
-nya
- continuative aspect enclitic
See alsoEdit
Kambera pronominal clitics
ReferencesEdit
- Marian Klamer (2000) , “Continuative Aspect and the Dative Clitic in Kambera”, in Mark Campana, Ileana Paul, Vivianne Phillips, Lisa Travis, editors, Formal Issues in Austronesian Linguistics (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory; 49), Springer Netherlands, →ISBN, page 58
MalayEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -ڽ
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.
PronunciationEdit
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /ɲə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /ɲa/
- Rhymes: -ɲə, -ə
SuffixEdit
-nya (Jawi spelling -ڽ)
- (dative) to him, to her, to it
- (objective after preposition) him, her, it
- (accusative) him, her, it
- his, her, its (attributive: belonging to him / her / it)
Usage notesEdit
When used to address God, a capital letter and hyphen is used.
See alsoEdit
Malay personal pronouns
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | standard | saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possesive) hamba / همبا (dated) |
kami / کامي (exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive) |
Palace Malay | beta / بيتا | ||
2nd person | standard | kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal) | |
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possesive) |
kalian / کاليان | ||
Palace Malay | tuanku / توانكو | ||
3rd person | standard | dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possesive) |
mereka / مريک |
Palace Malay | baginda / بݢيندا |