-nya

See also: nya, NYA, and nyā

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay -nya, from Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɲa/

Suffix

-nya

1. (dative) to him, to her, to it
2. (objective after preposition) him, her, it
3. (accusative) him, her, it
4. his, her, its (attributive: belonging to him / her / it)

   Ini rumahnya. ― This is his / her / its house.

Usage notes

• “-nya” as a third-person singular possessive (possession): “Budi mengambil uangnya di bank.” means "uang" is owned by Budi.
• “-nya” as a third-person singular objective: “Budi menemaninya ke bank.” (active), or “Ani ditemaninya ke bank.” (passive). “-nya” works as a replacement of “Ani” in the former and “Budi” in the latter sentence.
• “-nya” as a definite marker: “Budi, uangnya di mana?”. The definite marker means that the money in question is a specific money, not just any money. Similar to the definite article "the" in “Budi, where is the money?”
• “-nya” as a possessed case: “Ini uangnya Budi, bukan uangnya Ani.”, “Uangnya Budi di mana?” considered redundant in standard grammar, but common in casual speech.
• “-nya” as a verb nominalizer: “Kamu makannya jangan begitu.” The “-nya” here changes the verb “makan” into a noun.

Derived terms

Indonesian words suffixed with -nya

Further reading

• “-nya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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Kambera

Pronoun

-nya

1. third person singular dative enclitic

Particle

-nya

1. continuative aspect enclitic

   Laku-nggu-nya.

   I am going.

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

References

• Marian Klamer (2000), “Continuative Aspect and the Dative Clitic in Kambera”, in Mark Campana, Ileana Paul, Vivianne Phillips, Lisa Travis, editors, Formal Issues in Austronesian Linguistics (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory; 49), Springer Netherlands, →ISBN, page 58

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Malay

Alternative forms

• -ڽ‎

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ɲə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /ɲa/
• Rhymes: -ɲə, -ə

Suffix

-nya (Jawi spelling -ڽ)

1. (dative) to him, to her, to it
2. (objective after preposition) him, her, it
3. (accusative) him, her, it
4. his, her, its (attributive: belonging to him / her / it)

   rumahnya ― his / her / its house

Usage notes

When used to address God, a capital letter and hyphen is used.

Descendants

• Indonesian: -nya
• → Petjo: -nja

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي‎ aku/ku- / اکو‎ / كو-‎ (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو‎ (informal possessive) hamba / همبا‎ (dated)	kami / کامي‎ (exclusive) kita / کيت‎ (inclusive)
	Palace Malay	beta / بيتا‎
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو‎ anda / اندا‎ (formal)
		engkau/kau- / اڠکاو‎/ كاو-‎ (informal/towards God) awak / اوق‎ (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو‎ (possessive)	kalian / کاليان‎
	Palace Malay	tuanku / توانكو‎
3rd person	standard	dia / دي‎ ia / اي‎ beliau / بلياو‎ (honorific) -nya / -ڽ‎ (possessive)	mereka / مريک‎
	Palace Malay	baginda / بݢيندا‎