-mu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mu"

Estonian

Etymology

Etymology unclear. Originally a dialectism, revitalised by Estonian terminologist and lexicographer Johannes Voldemar Veski. Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-ma + Proto-Finnic *-o. Compare Finnish -mo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈ-mu/

Suffix

-mu (genitive -mu, partitive -mut)

1. Forms nouns indicating a place.

   ‎valama (“to pour”) + ‎-mu → ‎valamu (“sink, basin”)

   ‎vara (“asset”) + ‎-mu → ‎varamu (“collection of assets with a high value”)

   ‎püha (“sacred, holy, saint”) + ‎-mu → ‎pühamu (“sanctuary”)

   ‎era- (“private”) + ‎-mu → ‎eramu (“private house”)

Declension

Inflection of -mu (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	-mu	-mud
accusative	-mu	-mud
genitive	-mu	-mute
partitive	-mut	-muid
illative	-musse	-mutesse -muisse
inessive	-mus	-mutes -muis
elative	-must	-mutest -muist
allative	-mule	-mutele -muile
adessive	-mul	-mutel -muil
ablative	-mult	-mutelt -muilt
translative	-muks	-muteks -muiks
terminative	-muni	-muteni
essive	-muna	-mutena
abessive	-muta	-muteta
comitative	-muga	-mutega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -mu

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay -mu, From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu.

Suffix

-mu

1. yours (possessive suffix)

Related terms

• kamu
• -ku
• -nya

Kambera

Pronoun

-mu

1. second person singular genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

Laboya

Pronoun

-mu

1. second person singular subject enclitic
2. second person singular possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mu, from Proto-Austronesian *mu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mu/
• Rhymes: -mu, -u

Suffix

-mu

1. you, your

   Aku telah memulangkan penselmu.

   I've returned your pencil.

   Aku rela berada bersamamu.

   I'd rather be with you.

See also

Malay personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person	standard	saya / ساي‎ aku/ku- / اکو‎ / كو-‎ (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو‎ (informal possessive) hamba / همبا‎ (dated)	kami / کامي‎ (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ‎ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت‎ (inclusive)
	royal	beta / بيتا‎
2nd person	standard	kamu / کامو‎ anda / اندا‎ (formal)
		engkau/kau- / اڠکاو‎/ كاو-‎ (informal/towards God) awak / اوق‎ (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو‎ (possessive)	kalian / کاليان‎ kamu semua / كامو سموا‎ kau orang / كاو اورڠ‎ (informal)
	royal	tuanku / توانكو‎
3rd person	standard	dia / دي‎ ia / اي‎ beliau / بلياو‎ (honorific) -nya / -ڽ‎ (possessive)	mereka / مريک‎ dia orang / دي اورڠ‎ (informal)
	royal	baginda / بݢيندا‎

Quechua

Suffix

-mu

1. cislocative, translocative.

   apay (“to carry”) → apamuy (“to bring; to take”)

   tiyay (“to sit”) → tiyamuy (“to come sit; to go sit”)

Uneapa

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *-mu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu, from Proto-Austronesian *-amu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi/

Suffix

-mu

1. A second-person plural possessive suffix.

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365