negation

See also: Negation and négation

Contents

English

Etymology

From Middle English negacioun, borrowed from Old French negacion, from Latin negātiō (“a denial; negative word”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

negation (countable and uncountable, plural negations)

1. (uncountable) The act of negating something.
2. (countable) A denial or contradiction.
   • Thomas Hardy

     But it pleased her to play on my passion / And whet me to pleadings / That won from her mirthful negations / And scornings undue.

3. (logic, countable) A proposition which is the contradictory of another proposition and which can be obtained from that other proposition by the appropriately placed addition/insertion of the word "not". (Or, in symbolic logic, by prepending that proposition with the symbol for the logical operator "not".)
   • 2001, Mark Sainsbury, chapter 1, in Logical Forms — An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, 2nd edition, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, §4, page 19:

     You get the negation of a proposition if you insert "not" (or some equivalent expression) into it in such a way as to form a contradictory of it.

4. (logic) The logical operation which obtains such (negated) propositions.
   • 2011 July 20, Edwin Mares, “Propositional Functions”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy‎^[1], retrieved 2012-07-15:

     Although some of the logicians working in term logic have very complicated treatments of negation, we can see the origin of the modern conception in the extensional tradition as well. In Boole and most of his followers, the negation of a term is understood as the set theoretic complement of the class represented by that term. For this reason, the negation of classical propositional logic is often called ‘Boolean negation’.

Hypernyms

• (a proposition which negates another one): contradictory
• (logical operation): logical connective

Related terms

• negate
• negative
• negativeness
• negativism
• negativity

Translations

act of negating something

• Arabic: نَفْي‎ m (nafy)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 否定 (zh) (fǒudìng)

• Esperanto: neado
• French: négation (fr) f
• German: Verneinung (de) f, Negierung f
• Greek: άρνηση (el) f (árnisi)
• Hungarian: tagadás (hu)
• Icelandic: neitun f
• Japanese: 否定 (ja) (ひてい, hitei)

• Korean: 부정 (ko) (bujeong)
• Norman: dêniêthie f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: nektelse m

• Polish: zaprzeczenie (pl) n, zaprzeczanie (pl) n, negacja (pl) f, negowanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: negação (pt) f
• Romanian: negare (ro) f, negație (ro) f
• Russian: отрица́ние (ru) n (otricánije)
• Slovak: negácia, negovanie
• Spanish: negación (es) f

denial or contradiction

• Arabic: إِنْكَار‎ m (ʾinkār)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 拒絕 (zh), 拒绝 (zh) (jùjué), 否認 (zh), 否认 (zh) (fǒurèn)

• French: négation (fr) f
• German: Verneinung (de) f
• Greek: άρνηση (el) f (árnisi)

• Icelandic: neitun f
• Japanese: 否決 (ja) (ひけつ, hiketsu), 否認 (ja) (ひにん, hinin)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: nektelse m, avvisning (no) m

• Polish: odmowa (pl) f
• Russian: отка́з (ru) m (otkáz), опроверже́ние (ru) n (oproveržénije) (refutal)

negation in logic

• Arabic: نَفْي‎ m (nafy)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 否定 (zh) (fǒudìng)

• Czech: negace f
• Esperanto: negacio, negado, neado
• French: négation (fr) f
• German: Negation (de) f
• Greek: άρνηση (el) f (árnisi)

• Icelandic: neitun f
• Japanese: 否定 (ja) (ひてい, hitei)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: negasjon (no) m

• Polish: negacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: negação (pt) f
• Russian: отрица́ние (ru) n (otricánije)
• Slovak: negácia

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} ontkennig f

• Italian: ^{(please verify)} negazione (it) f

Anagrams

• Antigone