focus
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) : "One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
focus (countable and uncountable, plural foci or focuses or focusses)
- (countable, optics) A point at which reflected or refracted rays of light converge.
- The heat of sunlight at the focus of a magnifying glass can easily set dry leaves on fire.
- (countable, geometry) A point of a conic at which rays reflected from a curve or surface converge.
- (uncountable, photography, cinematography) The fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
- 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:
- Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. […] A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.
- Unfortunately, the license plate is out of focus in this image.
- (uncountable, photography, cinematography) The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
- During this scene, the boy’s face shifts subtly from soft focus into sharp focus.
- (uncountable) Concentration of attention.
- I believe I can bring the high degree of focus required for this important job.
- (countable, seismology) The exact point of where an earthquake occurs, in three dimensions (underneath the epicentre).
- The earthquake's focus was at exactly 37 degrees north, 18 degrees south, seventy five meters below the ground.
- (graphical user interface) The status of being the currently active element in a user interface, often indicated by a visual highlight.
- Text entered at the keyboard or pasted from a clipboard is sent to the component which currently has the focus.
- (linguistics) The most important word or phrase in a sentence or passage, or the one that imparts information.
- An object used in casting a magic spell.
- 2004, Marian Singer, Trish MacGregor, The Only Wiccan Spell Book You'll Ever Need
- Candles, in fact, are an essential ingredient in many spells. They can be used as either the focus of the spell or as a component that sets the spell's overall mood and tone.
- 2014, Kristen S. Walker, Witch Gate (page 180)
- I ran through what I knew about spells from Mom and other witchcraft sources, but nothing matched what I was used to seeing in her magic work. Usually she used herbs and other plants as a focus for the spell.
- 2004, Marian Singer, Trish MacGregor, The Only Wiccan Spell Book You'll Ever Need
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
in optics
|
in mathematics
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fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium
quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium
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concentration of attention
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exact point of where an earthquake occurs — see hypocentre
VerbEdit
focus (third-person singular simple present focuses or focusses, present participle focusing or focussing, simple past and past participle focused or focussed)
- (intransitive, followed by on or upon) To concentrate during a task.
- I have to focus on my work.
- (transitive) To direct attention, effort, or energy to a particular audience or task.
- The president focused her remarks to the newcomers.
- (transitive) To cause (rays of light, etc) to converge at a single point.
- 1961 February, “Talking of Trains: Collision at Newcastle”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 75-76:
- The difficulties of focussing colour-light signals on curved tracks to ensure maximum sighting distance were underlined in the recent official report [...] on a low-speed collision at Newcastle Central on July 25, 1960, between an unfitted freight and a diesel-hauled passenger train.
- (transitive) To adjust (a lens, an optical instrument) in order to position an image with respect to the focal plane.
- You'll need to focus the microscope carefully in order to capture the full detail of this surface.
- (intransitive) To concentrate one’s attention.
- If you're going to beat your competitors, you need to focus.
- (computing, graphical user interface, transitive) To transfer the input focus to (a visual element), so that it receives subsequent input.
- The text box won't receive the user's keystrokes unless you explicitly focus it.
- (accounting, formerly) To aggregate figures of accounts.
- 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 67:
- Whole pages of it are filled with masses of figures, generally single numbers added up in batches, and then the totals added in batches again, as though he were "focusing" some account, as the auditors put it.
Usage notesEdit
The spellings focusses, focussing, focussed are more common in Commonwealth English than in American English, but in both varieties they are less common than the spellings focuses, focusing, focused.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to cause (rays of light, etc) to converge at a single point
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to adjust (a lens, an optical instrument)
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transitive: to concentrate one's attention
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make (a liquid) less diluted
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intransitive: to concentrate one's attention
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ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin focus. Compare the inherited doublet foc.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
focus m (plural focus)
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from New Latin focus. The figurative sense probably derives from English focus.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
focus m (plural focussen)
- (optics, physics) focus
- Zij plaatste een convexe lens op de focus.
- She placed a convex lense on the focus.
- Synonym: brandpunt
- (figurative) focus, centre
- Die jodocus heeft geen focus.
- That clown doesn't have any focus.
- (linguistics) focus
- Focus is een belangrijk begrip in de informatiestructuur van zinnen.
- Focus is an important concept in the information structure of sentences.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Afrikaans: fokus
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin focus, whence also Italian fuoco (an inherited doublet).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
focus m (invariable)
- focus (all senses)
AnagramsEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
- The origin is uncertain. Usually connected with Old Armenian բոց (bocʿ).
- Some connect this along with faciēs, facētus, fax to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). In that case, cognate at the root level with Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti), Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”), etc.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
focus m (genitive focī); second declension
DeclensionEdit
Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | focus | focī |
| Genitive | focī | focōrum |
| Dative | focō | focīs |
| Accusative | focum | focōs |
| Ablative | focō | focīs |
| Vocative | foce | focī |
SynonymsEdit
- (fire): ignis
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
Borrowings:
- → Catalan: focus
- → Dutch: focus
- → English: focus
- → Esperanto: fokuso
- → Finnish: fokus
- → French: focus
- → Galician: foco
- → German: Fokus
- → Italian: focus
- → Portuguese: foco
- → Russian: фо́кус (fókus)
- → Spanish: foco
- → Swedish: fokus
ReferencesEdit
- “focus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “focus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- focus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- focus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
- to fight for hearth and home: pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
- “focus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “focus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French focus or German Fokus.
NounEdit
focus n (plural focusuri)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of focus
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) focus | focusul | (niște) focusuri | focusurile |
| genitive/dative | (unui) focus | focusului | (unor) focusuri | focusurilor |
| vocative | focusule | focusurilor | ||