perfidus
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From per (“through, along”) + fidēs (“faith; trust”) + -us (adjectival suffix), based on the phrase per fidem dēcipere[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈper.fi.dus/, [ˈpɛrfɪd̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈper.fi.dus/, [ˈpɛrfid̪us]
Adjective edit
perfidus (feminine perfida, neuter perfidum); first/second-declension adjective
- that breaks his promise, false, faithless, dishonest, disloyal, treacherous, perfidious, deceitful, traitorous
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.305–306:
- “Dissimulāre etiam spērāstī, perfide, tantum
posse nefās, tacitusque meā dēcēdere terrā?”- “Had you even hoped to be able to hide so great a crime – you faithless [man]! – and to slip away from my land unnoticed?”
(Dido had believed that she and Aeneas shared a commitment, and yet he and the Trojans are preparing to leave Carthage. Translators Shadi Bartsch, Robert Fagles, Stanley Lombardo, Sarah Ruden, and David West supply the noun “traitor”. Frederick Ahl (Oxford, 2007) translates “perfide” as “you perfidious cheat”, and footnotes the irony that ancient Romans reputed the Carthaginians as being perfidious.)
- “Had you even hoped to be able to hide so great a crime – you faithless [man]! – and to slip away from my land unnoticed?”
- “Dissimulāre etiam spērāstī, perfide, tantum
- (by extension) treacherous, unsafe, dangerous
- Synonym: īnfīdus
Declension edit
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | perfidus | perfida | perfidum | perfidī | perfidae | perfida | |
| Genitive | perfidī | perfidae | perfidī | perfidōrum | perfidārum | perfidōrum | |
| Dative | perfidō | perfidō | perfidīs | ||||
| Accusative | perfidum | perfidam | perfidum | perfidōs | perfidās | perfida | |
| Ablative | perfidō | perfidā | perfidō | perfidīs | |||
| Vocative | perfide | perfida | perfidum | perfidī | perfidae | perfida | |
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “perfidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “perfidus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- perfidus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “fidēs”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 494