rajzik
Hungarian
editEtymology
editraj (“swarm, flock”) + -zik (verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrajzik
- (intransitive, of insects, birds) to swarm (to move as a swarm)
- (intransitive, of crowd of people or vehicles) to stream, flow, flood, rush (to move in large unorganized groups)
- (intransitive) to hang around someone and showering attention (followed by körül)
- Synonym: legyeskedik
- (intransitive, of thoughts, images in someone's mind) to flow, whirl, swirl
Conjugation
editAlthough Bárczi and Országh’s dictionary (linked below) claims that its imperative forms are not used, Judit Szépe, Károly Gerstner, and Tamás Szende point it out:[1] The last four verbs (fogamzik ’be conceived’, nemz ’beget’, kirajzik ’hive off’, (el)fajzik ’degenerate’) […] differ from all the rest in that their imperative forms do exist even though their conditionals with vowel insertion are ill‑formed. Hungarian National Corpus[2] provides one such example sentence.[3]
conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzok | rajzol | rajzik | rajzunk | rajzotok | rajzanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzottam | rajzottál | rajzott | rajzottunk | rajzottatok | rajzottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzék | rajzál | rajza | rajzánk | rajzátok | rajzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzandok | rajzandasz | rajzand | rajzandunk | rajzandotok | rajzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzanék | rajzanál | rajzana | rajzanánk | rajzanátok | rajzanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzzak | rajzz or rajzzál |
rajzzon | rajzzunk | rajzzatok | rajzzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | rajzani | rajzanom | rajzanod | rajzania | rajzanunk | rajzanotok | rajzaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| rajzás | rajzó | rajzott | ― | rajzva (rajzván) | |||||
potential conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhatok | rajzhatsz | rajzhat | rajzhatunk | rajzhattok | rajzhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzhattam | rajzhattál | rajzhatott | rajzhattunk | rajzhattatok | rajzhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzhaték | rajzhatál | rajzhata | rajzhatánk | rajzhatátok | rajzhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. rajzhat vala, rajzhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzhatandok or rajzandhatok |
rajzhatandasz or rajzandhatsz |
rajzhatand or rajzandhat |
rajzhatandunk or rajzandhatunk |
rajzhatandotok or rajzandhattok |
rajzhatandanak or rajzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhatnék | rajzhatnál | rajzhatna | rajzhatnánk | rajzhatnátok | rajzhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzhassak | rajzhass or rajzhassál |
rajzhasson | rajzhassunk | rajzhassatok | rajzhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (rajzhatni) | (rajzhatnom) | (rajzhatnod) | (rajzhatnia) | (rajzhatnunk) | (rajzhatnotok) | (rajzhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (rajzhatva / rajzhatván) | ||||
or
conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzok | rajzol | rajzik | rajzunk | rajzotok | rajzanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajzottam | rajzottál | rajzott | rajzottunk | rajzottatok | rajzottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rajzani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzék | rajzál | rajza | rajzánk | rajzátok | rajzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rajzik vala, rajzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajzandok | rajzandasz | rajzand | rajzandunk | rajzandotok | rajzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajzanék | rajzanál | rajzana | rajzanánk | rajzanátok | rajzanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozzak | rajozz or rajozzál |
rajozzon | rajozzunk | rajozzatok | rajozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | rajzani | rajzanom | rajzanod | rajzania | rajzanunk | rajzanotok | rajzaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| rajzás | rajzó | rajzott | ― | rajozva (rajozván) | |||||
potential conjugation of rajzik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhatok | rajozhatsz | rajozhat | rajozhatunk | rajozhattok | rajozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | rajozhattam | rajozhattál | rajozhatott | rajozhattunk | rajozhattatok | rajozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | rajzhaték | rajzhatál | rajzhata | rajzhatánk | rajzhatátok | rajzhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. rajozhat vala, rajozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | rajozhatandok or rajzandhatok |
rajozhatandasz or rajzandhatsz |
rajozhatand or rajzandhat |
rajozhatandunk or rajzandhatunk |
rajozhatandotok or rajzandhattok |
rajozhatandanak or rajzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhatnék | rajozhatnál | rajozhatna | rajozhatnánk | rajozhatnátok | rajozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rajozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | rajozhassak | rajozhass or rajozhassál |
rajozhasson | rajozhassunk | rajozhassatok | rajozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rajozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (rajozhatni) | (rajozhatnom) | (rajozhatnod) | (rajozhatnia) | (rajozhatnunk) | (rajozhatnotok) | (rajozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (rajozhatva / rajozhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
edit(With verbal prefixes):
References
edit- ^ Szépe, Judit―Tamás Szende―Károly Gerstner. “Csuklik, kotlik, hámlik. Megjegyzések a hiányos paradigmájú igék módjelezéséről” (’notes on the modal suffixes on verbs with defective conjugation’). Magyar Nyelv (’Hungarian Language’), vol. 100, no. 3, 2004, pp. 358–367. Link at OSZK. English-language version: “On Defective Verbs and Mood Marking in Hungarian”. Linguistica Uralica, vol. 49, no. 2, 2013, pp. 127–141.
- ^ Váradi, Tamás PhD et. al. Magyar nemzeti szövegtár, Hungarian National Corpus. (Free registration required.) Nyelvtudományi Intézet (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary).
- ^ A muslincák hada rajzzon körül minden játékost (“Let the army of fruit flies swarm around every player”)
Further reading
edit- rajzik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN