s- (causative prefix) + nfj (“to blow, to breathe out”).
caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to let breathe or vent out
Conjugation of snfj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: snf, geminated stem: snff
suffix conjugation
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
snf.n
|
snfw, snf, snfy
|
consecutive
|
snf.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
terminative
|
snft
|
perfective3
|
snf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
snf.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
imperfective
|
snf, snfy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
prospective3
|
snfw, snf, snfy
|
snfw, snf, snfy
|
potentialis1
|
snf.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
subjunctive
|
snf, snfy
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
verbal adjectives
|
aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
snf.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
perfective
|
snfw1, snfy, snf
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snf
|
snfy, snf
|
imperfective
|
snff, snffy, snffw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snff, snffj6, snffy6
|
snff, snffw5
|
prospective
|
snfw1, snfy, snf, snftj7
|
—
|
snfwtj1 4, snftj4, snft4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Allen instead treats this verb as a causative strong triliteral snfꜣ, based on the variant form nfꜣ of its stem verb nfj; in this case the final consonant is unwritten because it is weak:
Conjugation of snfꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: snfꜣ
infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
snfꜣ
|
snfꜣw, snfꜣ
|
snfꜣt
|
snfꜣ
|
snfꜣ
|
suffix conjugation
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
snfꜣ.n
|
snfꜣw, snfꜣ
|
consecutive
|
snfꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
terminative
|
snfꜣt
|
perfective3
|
snfꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
snfꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
imperfective
|
snfꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
prospective3
|
snfꜣw, snfꜣ, snfꜣy
|
snfꜣw, snfꜣ, snfꜣy
|
potentialis1
|
snfꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
subjunctive
|
snfꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
verbal adjectives
|
aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
perfect
|
snfꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
perfective
|
snfꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snfꜣ
|
snfꜣ, snfꜣw5, snfꜣy5
|
imperfective
|
snfꜣ, snfꜣy, snfꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
snfꜣ, snfꜣj6, snfꜣy6
|
snfꜣ, snfꜣw5
|
prospective
|
snfꜣ, snfꜣtj7
|
—
|
snfꜣwtj1 4, snfꜣtj4, snfꜣt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
However, writings of the verb with a final ꜣ are unattested, unlike writings with a final j, and the writing of the verb nfꜣ itself is very rare and only occurs since the New Kingdom (compared to early Middle Kingdom attestations of nfj), so this is perhaps unlikely.
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150.