toughen

English

Etymology

tough +‎ -en

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtʌfən/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌfən

Verb

toughen (third-person singular simple present toughens, present participle toughening, simple past and past participle toughened)

1. (transitive) To make tough.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

2. (intransitive) To become tough.

Translations

to make tougher

• Bulgarian: втвърдявам (bg) (vtvǎrdjavam)
• Finnish: koventaa (fi), vahvistaa (fi), karkaista (fi)
• Irish: cruaigh
• Maori: whakapūioio, whakamarohi, whakapakeke
• Russian: ужесточа́ть (ru) impf (užestočátʹ), ужесточи́ть (ru) pf (užestočítʹ) (rules, etc.)

to become tougher

• Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se)
• Czech: ztuhnout (cs) pf, ztvrdnout pf
• Finnish: koventua (fi), vahvistua (fi), karkaistua
• German: versteifen (de)
• Irish: cruaigh
• Slovak: stvrdnúť pf, stuhnúť pf

Anagrams

• oughten

German

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

toughen

1. inflection of tough:
   1. strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
   2. weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
   3. strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
   4. strong dative plural
   5. weak/mixed all-case plural