Egyptian
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Pronunciation
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Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf):
Based on descendant ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof):
m
- lung
Inflection
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Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ
Descendants
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- Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf), ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof)
3-lit.
- (transitive) to discuss, to talk about
- (transitive) to support, to agree with (someone’s plea)
- (transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- to reproach, to speak ill of (someone)
Inflection
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Conjugation of wfꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wfꜣ, geminated stem: wfꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
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imperative
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infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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wfꜣ
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wfꜣw, wfꜣ
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wfꜣt
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wfꜣ
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wfꜣ
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‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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wfꜣ
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ḥr wfꜣ
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m wfꜣ
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r wfꜣ
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suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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perfect
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wfꜣ.n
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wfꜣw, wfꜣ
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consecutive
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wfꜣ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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terminative
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wfꜣt
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perfective3
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wfꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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wfꜣ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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imperfective
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wfꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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prospective3
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wfꜣ
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wfꜣꜣ
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potentialis1
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wfꜣ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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subjunctive
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wfꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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passive
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active
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passive
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perfect
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wfꜣ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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perfective
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wfꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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wfꜣ
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wfꜣ, wfꜣw5, wfꜣy5
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imperfective
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wfꜣ, wfꜣy, wfꜣw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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wfꜣ, wfꜣj6, wfꜣy6
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wfꜣ, wfꜣw5
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prospective
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wfꜣ, wfꜣtj7
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—
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wfꜣtj4, wfꜣt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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m
- conversation, talk
- subject or theme of discussion
Inflection
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Declension of wfꜣ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wfꜣ
References
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- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 306.3–306.4
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 60
- Hannig, Rainer (1997) Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: die Sprache der Pharaonen (2800–950 v. Chr.) (Hannig-Lexica; 1), second edition, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, →ISBN, page 193