Etymology
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Somewhat disputed; according to the Royal Spanish Academy, from Old Spanish façerir, from *fazferir, from faz (“make!, do!”) + ferir (“to hurt”). However, many etymologists have suggested that faz in fazferir could not have turned into za(z), even if it did convert into haz during the Spanish conversion of f to h and have suggested the word comes from Latin subferire (“to censor, reproach”) with za being a common corruption of the Latin sub- prefix, as seen in words such as zabullir (“to submerge”) (from Late Latin subbullīre (“to boil/submerge lighty”)) and zabucar (“to stir liquid”) (from Latin sub- (“below”) + bucca (“mouth”)). Morphologically equivalent to haz (“make!, do!”) + herir (“to hurt”).
Pronunciation
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- IPA(key): (Spain) /θaeˈɾiɾ/ [θa.eˈɾiɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /saeˈɾiɾ/ [sa.eˈɾiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: za‧he‧rir
zaherir (first-person singular present zahiero, first-person singular preterite zaherí, past participle zaherido)
- to criticize severely, harshly (to the point of feeling humiliated or mortified)
- 1911, Quintilian, Ignacio Rodríguez, Pedro Sandier, Instituciones Oratorias, Vol. 1, 333:
Guardémonos siempre de zaherir.- Let's always guard ourselves from criticizing severely.
Conjugation
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1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of zaherir (e-ie-i alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
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singular
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plural
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1st person
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2nd person
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3rd person
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1st person
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2nd person
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3rd person
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with infinitive zaherir
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dative
|
zaherirme
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zaherirte
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zaherirle, zaherirse
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zaherirnos
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zaheriros
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zaherirles, zaherirse
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accusative
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zaherirme
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zaherirte
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zaherirlo, zaherirla, zaherirse
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zaherirnos
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zaheriros
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zaherirlos, zaherirlas, zaherirse
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with gerund zahiriendo
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dative
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zahiriéndome
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zahiriéndote
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zahiriéndole, zahiriéndose
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zahiriéndonos
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zahiriéndoos
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zahiriéndoles, zahiriéndose
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accusative
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zahiriéndome
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zahiriéndote
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zahiriéndolo, zahiriéndola, zahiriéndose
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zahiriéndonos
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zahiriéndoos
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zahiriéndolos, zahiriéndolas, zahiriéndose
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with informal second-person singular tú imperative zahiere
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dative
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zahiéreme
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zahiérete
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zahiérele
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zahiérenos
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not used
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zahiéreles
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accusative
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zahiéreme
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zahiérete
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zahiérelo, zahiérela
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zahiérenos
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not used
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zahiérelos, zahiérelas
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with informal second-person singular vos imperative zaherí
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dative
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zaherime
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zaherite
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zaherile
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zaherinos
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not used
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zaheriles
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accusative
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zaherime
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zaherite
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zaherilo, zaherila
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zaherinos
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not used
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zaherilos, zaherilas
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with formal second-person singular imperative zahiera
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dative
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zahiérame
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not used
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zahiérale, zahiérase
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zahiéranos
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not used
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zahiérales
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accusative
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zahiérame
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not used
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zahiéralo, zahiérala, zahiérase
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zahiéranos
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not used
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zahiéralos, zahiéralas
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with first-person plural imperative zahiramos
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dative
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not used
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zahirámoste
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zahirámosle
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zahirámonos
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zahirámoos
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zahirámosles
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accusative
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not used
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zahirámoste
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zahirámoslo, zahirámosla
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zahirámonos
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zahirámoos
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zahirámoslos, zahirámoslas
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with informal second-person plural imperative zaherid
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dative
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zaheridme
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not used
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zaheridle
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zaheridnos
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zaheríos
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zaheridles
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accusative
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zaheridme
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not used
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zaheridlo, zaheridla
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zaheridnos
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zaheríos
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zaheridlos, zaheridlas
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with formal second-person plural imperative zahieran
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dative
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zahiéranme
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not used
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zahiéranle
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zahiérannos
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not used
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zahiéranles, zahiéranse
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accusative
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zahiéranme
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not used
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zahiéranlo, zahiéranla
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zahiérannos
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not used
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zahiéranlos, zahiéranlas, zahiéranse
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Further reading
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