zmꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /zaˈmaʀ/ → /saˈmaʀ/ → /səˈmaʔ/ → /səˈmaʔ/

• (verb): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /zaˈmaʀ/
• (verb): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /saˈmaʀ/
• (verb): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmaʔ/
• (verb): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /səˈmaʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛmɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: zema

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to join, to come together
2. (transitive) to join, to put together

Inflection

Conjugation of zmꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zmꜣ, geminated stem: zmꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
zmꜣ	zmꜣw, zmꜣ	zmꜣt	zmꜣ	zmꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
zmꜣ	ḥr zmꜣ	m zmꜣ	r zmꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	zmꜣ.n	zmꜣw, zmꜣ	consecutive	zmꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	zmꜣt
perfective3	zmꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	zmꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	zmꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	zmꜣ	zmꜣꜣ	potentialis1	zmꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	zmꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zmꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	zmꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	zmꜣ	zmꜣ, zmꜣw5, zmꜣy5
imperfective	zmꜣ, zmꜣy, zmꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	zmꜣ, zmꜣj6, zmꜣy6	zmꜣ, zmꜣw5
prospective	zmꜣ, zmꜣtj7	—	zmꜣtj4, zmꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zmꜣ  

zmꜣ

Derived terms

• zmꜣyt
• zmꜣ tꜣ
• ḥr-zmꜣ-tꜣwj

Noun

 m

1. lung

Inflection

Declension of zmꜣ (masculine)

singular	zmꜣ
dual	zmꜣwj
plural	zmꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zmꜣ  

zmꜣ

[18th Dynasty]

in hieratic

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 445.15–447.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 226
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 296.