-ek
Basque edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-ek
- Ergative plural suffix.
- Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -k (ergative suffix).
Suffix edit
-ek
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension edit
Breton edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Cornish edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ek
- Adjectival suffix
Derived terms edit
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix edit
-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)
- forms masculine diminutive nouns
Declension edit
inanimate:
animate:
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix).
Suffix edit
-ek
Usage notes edit
- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2 edit
From -e- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix).
Suffix edit
-ek
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes edit
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
See also edit
Mokilese edit
Suffix edit
-ek
- Used to form intransitive verbs
Usage notes edit
This suffix becomes -iek after a vowel.
Northern Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)
Northern Ohlone edit
Alternative forms edit
- -k (before vowels)
Etymology edit
Compare Southern Ohlone kan-.
Pronoun edit
-ek
- I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)
See also edit
Number | Person | Subject | Object | Possesive | ||||
Disjunctive1 | Proclitic |
Enclitic | Disjunctive1 | Proclitic | Enclitic | |||
Singular | First | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
Second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
Third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
Plural | First | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
Second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
Third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek |
References edit
María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)[1], Unpublished
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ek m
- masculine diminutive noun suffix
Declension edit
Masculine personal:
Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.
Masculine animate:
Masculine inanimate:
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- -ś (forming nicknames)
Further reading edit
- -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian edit
Suffix edit
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
See also edit
Suffix edit
-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)
- (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.
Turkish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ek
- Creates nouns out of verbs.
Derived terms edit
Yup'ik edit
Suffix edit
-ek
Usage notes edit
A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]