Basque edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Ergative plural suffix.
    Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte.The dogs have eaten the cats.
Declension edit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Etymology 2 edit

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix)
Declension edit
Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Breton edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    douar (earth) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (earthy, earthly)
    dour (water) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (watery, humid)
    houarn (iron) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (ferrous)

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Cornish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɛk]
  • (Revived Late Cornish) IPA(key): [-ɐk]

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Adjectival suffix
    mor (sea) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (maritime)
    spern (thorn bushes) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (thorny)
    Frynk (France) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (French)

Derived terms edit

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Suffix edit

-ek m inan or m anim (noun-forming suffix)

  1. forms masculine diminutive nouns
    stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek

Declension edit

inanimate:

animate:

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • -ek in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. (plural suffix) -s, -es
    kert (garden) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (gardens)
Usage notes edit
  • (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    (woman) + ‎-k → ‎k (women)
    fa (tree) + ‎-k → ‎k (trees)
    csésze (cup) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (cups)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    ház (house) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (houses)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    pad (bench) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (benches)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kert (garden) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (gardens)
    könyv (book) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (books)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
    kör (circle) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (circles)
  • Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (three books), néhány óra múlva (in a few hours’ time). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (the Three Magi), mindenszentek (All Saints), and certain archaic phrases with összes (all) and minden (every) (see their Usage notes).
  • The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (smart/clever ones). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (Italians), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (green ones), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
  • If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (players, noun) and játékosak (playful, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (acquaintances, noun) and ismerősek (familiar, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2 edit

From -e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    kér (to ask, request) + ‎-ek → ‎kérek (I ask, I am asking)
    Engedélyt kérek a távozásra.I request permission to leave.
Usage notes edit
  • (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also edit

Mokilese edit

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Used to form intransitive verbs

Usage notes edit

This suffix becomes -iek after a vowel.

Northern Kurdish edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ek (Arabic spelling ـەک)

  1. (affixed to words ending in a consonant) Alternative form of -yek (a, an (indefinite article))

Northern Ohlone edit

Alternative forms edit

  • -k (before vowels)

Etymology edit

Compare Southern Ohlone kan-.

Pronoun edit

-ek

  1. I (first-person, singular, subject enclitic pronoun)

See also edit

References edit

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎[1], Unpublished

Polish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ɛk/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛk
  • Syllabification: ek

Suffix edit

-ek m

  1. masculine diminutive noun suffix
    dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek
    Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

Declension edit

Masculine personal:

Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

Masculine animate:

Masculine inanimate:

Derived terms edit

See also edit

  • (forming nicknames)

Further reading edit

  • -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian edit

Suffix edit

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

See also edit

Suffix edit

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

  1. (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

Turkish edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. Creates nouns out of verbs.
    • küre- (to shovel) + -ekkürek (shovel).
    • gevre- (to become crisp) + -ekgevrek (crisp).

Derived terms edit

Yup'ik edit

Suffix edit

-ek

  1. ablative-modalis case ending

Usage notes edit

A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.[1]

References edit

  1. ^ Miyaoka, Osahito (2012) A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY) (in English), Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 750