俠

See also: 侠

俠	U+4FE0, 俠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FE0

← 俟
[U+4FDF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

信 →
[U+4FE1]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

俠 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人大人人 (OKOO), four-corner 2423₈, composition ⿰亻夾)

knight-errantry

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 706
Dae Jaweon: page 224, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 158, character 7
Unihan data for U+4FE0

Chinese edit

trad.		俠
simp.		侠

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 俠

**Small seal script**
s05773

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L38583	L38584	L29588	L29589

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (夾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瘞	*qrebs
瘱	*qeːbs
脥	*kʰemʔ
浹	skaːb, skeːb
挾	skaːb, ɡeːb
夾	*kreːb
郟	*kreːb
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
裌	*kreːb
鵊	*kreːb
狹	*ɡreːb
峽	*ɡreːb
硤	*ɡreːb
陜	*ɡreːb
陿	*ɡreːb
翜	sraːb, srɯːb
梜	kraːb, keːb
頰	*keːb
莢	*keːb
鋏	*keːb
蛺	*keːb
唊	*keːb
悏	*kʰeːb
匧	*kʰeːb
愜	*kʰeːb
篋	*kʰeːb
俠	*ɡeːb
綊	*ɡeːb

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiá (xia²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hap⁶, haap⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hia̍p

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiab⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiap / hia̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiab⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siá
  - Wade–Giles: hsia²
  - Yale: syá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
  - Palladius: ся (sja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hap⁶, haap⁶
  - Yale: hahp, haahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hap⁹, haap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: heb⁶, hab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐp̚²/, /haːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hiap̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiap
  - Tâi-lô: kiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiab
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/

Note:

kiap - colloquial variant;
hia̍p - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiab⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiap̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: hep

Rime
Character	俠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	添 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡頰切
Baxter	hep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣep̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	俠
Reading #	1/1
No.	5915
Phonetic component	夾
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	協
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːb/

Definitions edit

俠

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai (extended)	侠
Kyūjitai	俠

Kanji edit

俠

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 侠)

Readings edit

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←げふ (gefu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
Tō-on: きゃん (kyan)^{←きやん (kyan, historical)}
Kun: おとこだて (otokodate, 俠)
Nanori: いさむ (isamu); さとる (satoru); たもつ (tamotsu); ちか (chika)

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
俠
きょう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) きょー [kyóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

Noun edit

俠(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←けふ (kefu)^?}

Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
俠
きゃん Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 俠 (MC hep). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) きゃん [kyáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kʲã̠ɴ]

Noun edit

俠(きゃん) • (kyan)

Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy

Adjective edit

俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))

Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish

Inflection edit

Inflection of 俠

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	俠だろ	きゃんだろ	kyan daro
Continuative (連用形)	俠で	きゃんで	kyan de
Terminal (終止形)	俠だ	きゃんだ	kyan da
Attributive (連体形)	俠な	きゃんな	kyan na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	俠なら	きゃんなら	kyan nara
Imperative (命令形)	俠であれ	きゃんであれ	kyan de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	俠ではない俠じゃない	きゃんではないきゃんじゃない	kyan de wa nai kyan ja nai
Informal past	俠だった	きゃんだった	kyan datta
Informal negative past	俠ではなかった俠じゃなかった	きゃんではなかったきゃんじゃなかった	kyan de wa nakatta kyan ja nakatta
Formal	俠です	きゃんです	kyan desu
Formal negative	俠ではありません俠じゃありません	きゃんではありませんきゃんじゃありません	kyan de wa arimasen kyan ja arimasen
Formal past	俠でした	きゃんでした	kyan deshita
Formal negative past	俠ではありませんでした俠じゃありませんでした	きゃんではありませんでしたきゃんじゃありませんでした	kyan de wa arimasen deshita kyan ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	俠で	きゃんで	kyan de
Conditional	俠なら（ば）	きゃんなら（ば）	kyan nara (ba)
Provisional	俠だったら	きゃんだったら	kyan dattara
Volitional	俠だろう	きゃんだろう	kyan darō
Adverbial	俠に	きゃんに	kyan ni
Degree	俠さ	きゃんさ	kyansa

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)

chivalrous person
knight-errant

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

俠: Hán Nôm readings: hiệp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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