善賈

Chinese

		good	merchant; to buy
trad. (善賈)		善	賈
simp. (善贾)		善	贾

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shàngǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄍㄨˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàngǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàngǔ
    • Wade–Giles: shan⁴-ku³
    • Yale: shàn-gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shannguu
    • Palladius: шаньгу (šanʹgu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyenX kuX

Rime
Character	善	賈
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	常演切	公戸切
Baxter	dzyenX	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇnX/	/kuoX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛnX/	/kuoX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjænX/	/koX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑianX/	/kɔX/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛnX/	/koX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛnX/	/kuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛnX/	/kuoX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shàn	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin6	gu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ  C.qˤaʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjenʔ  klaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	善	賈
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàn	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyenX ›	‹ kuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/	/*C.qˁaʔ/
English	good	merchant; do business
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	善	賈
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	11084	14205
Phonetic component	善	襾
Rime group	元	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	善	古
Old Chinese	/*ɡjenʔ/	/*klaːʔ/

Verb

善賈

1. (literary) to be good at business; to be good for business

   • 鄙諺曰：「長袖善舞，多錢善賈。」此言多資之易為工也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鄙谚曰：「长袖善舞，多钱善贾。」此言多资之易为工也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Bǐyàn yuē: “Cháng xiù shàn wǔ, duō qián shàngǔ.” Cǐ yán duō zī zhī yì wéi gōng yě. [Pinyin]

     There is a proverb that goes: "long sleeves make a good dance; much money makes a good business." In other words, the better the material conditions, the easier it is to do things.

Noun

善賈

1. (literary) someone who is good at doing business

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shànjià

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shànjià
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shànjià
    • Wade–Giles: shan⁴-chia⁴
    • Yale: shàn-jyà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shannjiah
    • Palladius: шаньцзя (šanʹczja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ  C.qˤ<r>aʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjenʔ  kraːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	善	賈
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shàn	jià
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyenX ›	‹ kaeH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/	/*C.qˁ<r>aʔ-s/ (or *mə.qˁ<r>aʔ-s?)
English	good	price
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	善	賈
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	11084	14201
Phonetic component	善	襾
Rime group	元	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	善	駕
Old Chinese	/*ɡjenʔ/	/*kraːs/

Noun

善賈

1. (literary) good price

   • 有美玉於斯，韞匵而藏諸？求善賈而沽諸？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     有美玉于斯，韫𰅥而藏诸？求善贾而沽诸？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yǒu měiyù yú sī, yùndú ér cáng zhū? Qiú shànjià ér gū zhū? [Pinyin]

     There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it? or should I seek a good price and sell it?