桃花石

Chinese

		peach blossom; luck in love affairs; luck in love	rock; stone; 10 pecks
trad. (桃花石)		桃花	石
simp. #(桃花石)		桃花	石

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): táohuāshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄕˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: táohuāshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: táohuashíh
    • Wade–Giles: tʻao²-hua¹-shih²
    • Yale: táu-hwā-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taurhuashyr
    • Palladius: таохуаши (taoxuaši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: daw xwae dzyek

Rime
Character	桃	花	石
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	曉 (32)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (99)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II	III
Fanqie	徒刀切	呼瓜切	常隻切
Baxter	daw	xwae	dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/	/hˠua/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/	/hʷᵚa/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/	/xua/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/	/hwaɨ/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/dɑu/	/xua/	/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/dɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/	/xwa/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo	huā	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou4	faa1	sik6

Etymology 1

Noun

桃花石

1. peach blossom stone (a pink-coloured mineral produced in Hunan)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Turkic; compare Old Turkic 𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲 (tabγač, “Tuoba, a Xianbei clan; the Chinese”). Compare 拓跋 (MC thak bat), 拓拔氏 (MC thak bjot dzyeX).

Proper noun

桃花石

1. (obsolete) Name of China used by people in Central Asia in the 13^th century.

Synonyms

• 中 (abbreviation)
• 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
• 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
• 中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
• 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
• 唐山 (Tángshān)
• 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
• 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
• 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
• 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
• 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
• 猜拿 (transliteration of English China)
• 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
• 種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
• 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
• 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
• 華／华 (abbreviation)
• 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
• 諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
• 諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
• 赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
• 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
• 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)