dum
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
dum
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adjective edit
dum (not comparable)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
dum
- Syllable used when humming a tune.
- 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor:
- I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.
Etymology 3 edit
Adjective edit
dum
- (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
dum (not comparable)
See also edit
Anagrams edit
Balinese edit
Romanization edit
dum
- Romanization of ᬤᬸᬫ᭄
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
dum
Inflection edit
Inflection of dum | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | dum | dummere | dummest2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | dumt | dummere | dummest2 |
Plural | dumme | dummere | dummest2 |
Definite attributive1 | dumme | dummere | dummeste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
dum
Ido edit
Etymology edit
From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
dum
Derived terms edit
- dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)
Javanese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Javanese dum.
Verb edit
dum
- to divide
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
dum
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until
- Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū
- Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.
- dum erunt hominēs ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during
- Synonym: quamdiū
- (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
- (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that
- Synonym: dummodo
- Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.
Usage notes edit
Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.
Derived terms edit
Adverb edit
dum
- (Old Latin) for a while, still
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres
- → Esperanto: dum
References edit
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 165
Further reading edit
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
- I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- dum in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Maia edit
Adjective edit
dum
Middle English edit
Adjective edit
dum
- Alternative form of dumb
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Adjective edit
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)
References edit
- “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.
Noun edit
dum m
- down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Noun edit
dum
- Alternative form of daum
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
dum | dum pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndum |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t1um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
dum
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
dum f
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: dum
Contraction edit
dum (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)
Usage notes edit
- The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:
- When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:[1]
- Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...
- When um is a numeral:
- Trata-se de um ou dois dias.
References edit
Saterland Frisian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.
Adjective edit
dum
Derived terms edit
References edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)
- stupid, dumb
- Du är inte så dum som du ser ut
- You're not as stupid as you look
- causing trouble or annoyance
- Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.
- It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.
- En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt
- A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)
- (often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty
- Han var dum mot mig!
- He was mean to me!
- Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum
- Mom told Olle to stop being naughty
- Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.
- I shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)
Declension edit
Inflection of dum | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | dum | dummare | dummast |
Neuter singular | dumt | dummare | dummast |
Plural | dumma | dummare | dummast |
Masculine plural3 | dumme | dummare | dummast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | dumme | dummare | dummaste |
All | dumma | dummare | dummaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Derived terms edit
- dum i huvudet
- dum i skallen
- dumbom
- dumdristig
- dumdryg
- dumhet
- dumhuvud
- dumskalle
- är huvudet dumt får kroppen lida
References edit
Talysh edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Persian دم (dom).
Noun edit
dum
Tarifit edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)
- (intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms edit
Tausug edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *delem.
Noun edit
dum
Uzbek edit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | дум (dum) |
Latin | dum |
Perso-Arabic |
Etymology edit
Noun edit
dum (plural dumlar)