espantar
Catalan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From older espaventar, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present active participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Occitan, Spanish, and Portuguese espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantí, past participle espantat)
Conjugation edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “espantar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “espantar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “espantar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “espantar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese espantar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to frighten, to scare; to terrify
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) to get frightened
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar
- 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- aos soes das cãpaynas et ante a semelduẽ das carãtonas, que erã moy feas, espantarõse os caualos dos caualeiros de Calrros et começarõ de fogir cõ grã medo
- at the sound of the bells and because of the looks of the masks, which were very ugly, Charlemagne's knights' horses got frightened and began to flee with great fear
- to chase off; to shoo; to drive away
- Synonyms: axotar, correr, escorrentar
Conjugation edit
1Less recommended.
Related terms edit
References edit
- “espantar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “espant” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “espantar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “espantar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “espantar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “espantar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “espantar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ladino edit
Etymology edit
From Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Verb edit
espantar (Latin spelling)
- to scare
Derived terms edit
Occitan edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From espaventar, from Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Verb edit
espantar
- to terrify
Conjugation edit
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèri | espantères | espantèt | espantèrem | espantèretz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariái | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantave | espantaves | espantava | espantaviam | espantaviatz | espantavon | |
preterite | espantere | espanteres | espantet | espantem | espantetz | espanteron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantassiam | espantassiatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantesse | espantesses | espantesse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantassiam | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèi | espantès | espantè | espantèm | espantètz | espantèn | |
future | espantarèi | espantaràs | espantarà | espantaram | espantaratz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantarí | espantarés | espantaré | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espanti | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantava | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantei | espanteras | espantet | espantèram | espantèratz | espanteran | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariàs | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantère | espantères | espantèt | espanteriam | espanteriatz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariáu | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Spanish and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- to terrify, to frighten
- Synonyms: assustar, atemorizar
- to chase off, to shoo
- (figuratively) to surprise, to astonish
- Synonyms: pasmar, maravilhar, surpreender
Conjugation edit
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter, also Romanian înspăimânta.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espanté, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to scare, to spook, to frighten
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar; see also Thesaurus:asustar
- (transitive) to scare away, to scare off, to chase away, to drive away, to frighten away, to frighten off
Conjugation edit
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Neapolitan: spantare
Further reading edit
- “espantar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014