Wiktionary

jo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jo"

English edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

  • (Scotland) IPA(key): /d͡ʒoː/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • Rhymes: -oː

Etymology 1 edit

From Scots jo (“joy”), from Middle English joye, from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of joy and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”).

Noun edit

jo (plural jos)

  1. (Scotland) Darling, sweetheart.
    • 1711, traditional, published by James Watson, Old Long Syne:
      On Old long syne my Jo,
      on Old long syne,
      That thou canst never once reflect,
      on Old long syne.
    • My Jo Janet (traditional Scottish song)
      Keek into the draw-well, Janet, Janet;
      There ye'll see your bonnie sel',
      My jo, Janet.
Alternative forms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Japanese 杖.

Noun edit

jo (plural jo)

  1. The staff used in the Japanese martial art of jodo or jojutsu.

Anagrams edit

Albanian edit

Etymology edit

Likely a babble word, compare Turkish yok (“no”), and its derivates in other Balkanic languages such as Romanian ioc, Macedonian јок (jok). Comparison with German ja (“yes”)[1] is semantically hard to explain.

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

jo

  1. negates non-verbal phrases: no, not

Synonyms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “jo”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 159

Basque edit

Etymology edit

Unknown.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian) /ɟo/ [ɟo]
 
  • IPA(key): (Gipuzkoan) /xo/ [xo]
  • IPA(key): (Biscayan) /d͡ʒo/ [d͡ʒo]
  • IPA(key): (Navarrese) /jo/ [jo]

  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: jo

Verb edit

jo du (imperfect participle jotzen, future participle joko, short form jo, verbal noun jotze)

  1. to hit, strike, punch
  2. (music) to play
    Gitarra jo nahi dut. ― I want to play the guitar.
  3. to knock, rap
    Gizon itsusi batek etxeko atea jo du. ― An ugly man knocked on the door.
  4. to crash
  5. to head, go
  6. to blow (the wind)
    Synonym: ibili

Further reading edit

  • "jo" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
  • “jo” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus

Bavarian edit

Etymology edit

Cognate with Icelandic jú, Swedish jo. Equivalent to standard High German doch.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

jo

  1. yes (in response to a negative question).
    Woids es ned na fuat heid? Jo, owa's wedda is a weng schlecht.
    Wolltet ihr nicht noch heute furt? Doch, aber das Wetter is etwas schlecht.

Catalan edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Catalan jo~io~yo, from Vulgar Latin eō (attested from the sixth century), from Latin ego, from Proto-Italic *egō, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂; akin to Greek εγώ (egó), Sanskrit अहम् (aham), all from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Occitan jo, Spanish yo, French je, Italian io.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

jo (strong)

  1. I
  2. (after certain prepositions) me

Declension edit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Synonyms edit

  • mi (after most prepositions)

Noun edit

jo m (uncountable)

  1. ego (the self)
    Synonym: ego

References edit

Czech edit

Etymology edit

Compare Polish jo.

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

jo

  1. (colloquial) yeah, yep
    Synonym: ano
    Antonym: ne

Further reading edit

  • jo in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • jo in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Latin ubi. Compare Romanian iuo, Italian ove, French où, Old Spanish o.

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

jo

  1. where

Danish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Middle Low German jo. Used like Swedish ju, German ja (adverb) / je (conjunction).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [jo] (unstressed in context)

Adverb edit

jo

  1. as you know or should know; sometimes vaguely translatable as after all or obviously
    • 2015, Henriette E. Møller, Jelne, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
      Jeg ved ikke, hvad de talte om, hendes sind blev så mørkt, jeg kunne jo ikke rigtigt snakke med hende.
      I do not know of what they spoke, her mind became so dark, I could not really talk with her, as you should be able to see.
    • 2009, Sven Arvid Birkeland, I krigens kølvand: danske skæbner efter 2. verdenskrig, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN, page 479:
      Han gik jo ikke i krig i håb om, at det skulle blive den store sejr
      After all, he did not go to war in the hopes of achieving great victory.
    • 2016, Anita Krumbach, Dorte Lilmose, Hanne Kvist, Helle Perrier, Iben Mondrup, Louis Jensen, Ronnie Andersen, Sissel Bergfjord, Svend Åge Madsen, Tomas Lagermand Lundme, Det du ikke ved: Noveller for unge, Gyldendal A/S, →ISBN:
      Jeg mener, at selv ens eget navn eller alder KAN man jo ikke være 100 procent sikker på er Dennis/17, vel?
      I mean, one obviously cannot even be 100% sure that one's own name or age are Dennis and 17, can one?

Conjunction edit

jo

  1. the
    Jo mere jeg løber, desto trættere bliver jeg.
    The more I run, the more tired I become.
Usage notes edit

jo ... desto ..., jo ... des ... are common constructions.

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Norse jaur.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

jo

  1. yes (used to contradict a negative statement or negatively phrased question) (often followed by I do, he is, etc. in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation); identical in usage to the French si. Contrasts with ja which confirms positive statements or positively phrased questions.
    Du elsker mig ikke, gør du vel? — Jo!
    You don't love me, do you? — Yes, I do!
    Jeg har ikke gjort noget! — Jo!
    I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!
Usage notes edit

Negatively phrased questions like Kommer du ikke?, Du kommer ikke, vel?, Du kommer ikke? ("Are you not coming?", "You are not coming, are you?", "You are not coming?") must be answered with jo to indicate that the speaker is, in fact, coming; they cannot be answered with ja ("yes").

References edit

Dutch edit

Etymology edit

From English yo.

Interjection edit

jo

  1. hi
    Ey! - Jo! - Hey! - Hi!
  2. bye
    Later! - Jo! - Later! - Bye!
  3. you too
    Fijn weekend! - Jo! - Have a nice weekend! - You too!

Esperanto edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

jo (accusative singular jo-on, plural jo-oj, accusative plural jo-ojn)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter J.

See also edit

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ju, compare Gothic 𐌾𐌿 (ju, “already”), Old High German ju (“already”). Cognates include Estonian ju, Votic jo, Veps jo, Ingrian jo, Karelian jo. (“ju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈjo̞]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification(key): jo

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already (prior to some time; so soon)
    Luin kirjan jo loppuun.
    I already finished the book.
  2. now, already (emphasizing word)
    (impatiently) Tule jo!
    Come now!

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Friulian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. I

See also edit

Friulian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person jo nô
2nd person familiar tu vô
polite lui, jê lôr
3rd person m lui, lôr
f jê lôr

German edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alteration of ja (“yes”) or the respective dialectal cognates. Compare English yo.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

jo

  1. (colloquial, dialectal) yes, yeah, well; expresses agreement in a hesitant or ponderous manner.

Etymology 2 edit

From the respective dialectal words for yes in about half of Northern and Central Germany and all of Western Germany (compare Low German ja, jo). Possibly from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes, thus, so”), possibly from an unrecorded root. The form with /oː/ must have existed in the Middle Ages already, since the word often partakes in the same sound shifts as words with /oː/ from other sources, cf. Swedish jo, Middle English yo (> English yo).

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

jo

  1. (colloquial) yes; expresses firm agreement.
Derived terms edit

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Estonian ju.

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
      Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
      Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
  2. Emphasises the sentence.
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 64:
      Jo nyt mahan lukkia.
      Now I can read.

References edit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 105

Italian edit

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of io

Japanese edit

Romanization edit

jo

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じょ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ジョ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢょ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂョ

Karelian edit

Regional variants of jo
North Karelian
(Viena) 		jo
South Karelian
(Tver) 		jo

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo. Cognates include Finnish jo and Veps jo.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈjo/
  • Hyphenation: jo

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already

Interjection edit

jo

  1. (North Karelian) yes

Synonyms edit

  • (yes): (North Karelian) kyllä, (South Karelian) da

References edit

  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “jo”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
  • Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “jo”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎[2], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Kashubian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from German jo.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɔ/
  • Hyphenation: jo

Interjection edit

jo

  1. yes
    Jo, mògã to zrobic. ― Yes, I can do it.
    Jo, jô jem tam béł. ― Yes, I have been there.

Further reading edit

  • “jo”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[3]

Konabéré edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

jo

  1. water

Alternative forms edit

Further reading edit

Lashi edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

jo

  1. to be
  2. to exist

References edit

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[4], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latvian edit

Pronunciation edit

  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Conjunction edit

jo

  1. because
  2. for

Particle edit

jo

  1. the... the...
    jo vairāk naudas, jo labāk ― the more money the better

Lithuanian edit

Pronunciation edit

Determiner edit

jo

  1. his (3rd person singular masculine possessive)

Pronoun edit

jo m

  1. third-person singular genitive of jis

Particle edit

jo

  1. (colloquial) yeah

Livonian edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jo (“because, yet (more)”), /juo/.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

jo

  1. more; used with adjectives to form comparatives

Etymology 2 edit

Perhaps borrowed from Latvian jau (“yet, already, after all”). However, compare also Finnish jo (“already”), thus ultimately a common Finnic borrowing from Proto-Germanic *ju that has likely been contaminated by the more figurative senses of Latvian jau, with the latter ultimately a distant cognate of the initial Germanic borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

Preposition edit

jo

  1. yet, already, after all
    • Tiit-Rein Viitso, Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz, Tartu, Rīga: TÜ, LVA
      mōnigļikizt, ne jo lǟbõd mōzõ
      bumblebees, they are already migrating to their burrows (lit. "going inside of earth")
      amād jo ītist äb peļļõt
      not everyone makes the same [amount of money] (lit. "everyone after all doesn't earn the same")

Usage notes edit

  • LĒL only lists jo without listing any instances of juo. Livonian-Latvian-Livonian dictionary, in turn, only lists juo for the comparative forming preposition sense.
  • LĒL doesn't explicitly list the second sense that seems to exactly mirror Latvian jau (including the more figurative applications.) Such a function, however, is inferred from the many usage examples available in the dictionary. As a translation of Latvian jau (strictly in its temporal sense) LĒL lists jõbā (“already”), cf. Estonian juba.

Lower Sorbian edit

Pronunciation edit

Particle edit

jo

  1. yes (word used to show agreement or acceptance)

Verb edit

jo

  1. third-person singular present of byś

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. accusative of wóno

Alternative forms edit

  • njo (after preposition)

Further reading edit

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “jo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “jo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish edit

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

jo

  1. yes

See also edit

Verb edit

jo

  1. second-person singular imperative of joen

Murui Huitoto edit

Etymology edit

Cognates include Minica Huitoto jo and Nüpode Huitoto jo.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈhɔ]
  • Hyphenation: jo

Root edit

jo

  1. house

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎[5], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 127

North Frisian edit

Alternative forms edit

  • djo (Helgoland)
  • ja (Sylt and Mooring)

Etymology edit

Compare West Frisian hja.

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. they

Northern Sami edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already
  2. now

Further reading edit

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse jaur.

Adverb edit

jo

  1. yes; in disagreement with the last speaker's negative statement.
    Du har ikke pusset tennene vel? - Jo, det har jeg.
    You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have.
  2. yes or no; expressing doubt. (colloquial)
    Vil du være med? - Jo...
    Do you want to join? - I'm not sure...
Usage notes edit

Ja can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In example 1, agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker.

Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

 
Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

From Old Norse gjóðr.

Noun edit

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joer, definite plural joene)

  1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.
Derived terms edit

References edit

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse jór, from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz.

Noun edit

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)

  1. a horse (only used in given names)
Related terms edit

Male given names:

Female given names:

Etymology 2 edit

 
Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

From Old Norse gjóðr.

Alternative forms edit

  • gjod (alternative spelling)

Noun edit

jo m (definite singular joen, indefinite plural joar, definite plural joane)

  1. a skua, seabird of family Stercorariidae.
Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

From Norwegian Bokmål jo, from Danish jo.

Adverb edit

jo

  1. Alternative form of jau

Etymology 4 edit

Compare Swedish ju.

Adverb edit

jo

  1. Used to indicate an expectation of common understanding, or that what is said is an obvious fact – “as you well know,” “of course.”
    Synonym: no
    Han kom jo aldri
    But he never came though
    Ikkje rart at du fekk ølskummet over heile golvet. Ein skal jo ikkje slå på ølboksen fyri ein opnar den!
    It’s not weird that you’ve got the beer foam all-over the floor. You shouldn’t punch the beer can before you open it, y’know!

References edit

Occitan edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Late Latin eo, from Classical Latin egō̆.

Pronoun edit

jo (Gascony)

  1. I

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Latin iugum.

Noun edit

jo m

  1. yoke

Old French edit

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. (Old Northern French) Alternative form of je

Old Frisian edit

Pronoun edit

jō

  1. Alternative form of jū, accusative/dative of jī

Inflection edit

Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

Plautdietsch edit

Adverb edit

jo

  1. yes

Polish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /jɔ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ.

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ja (“I”)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from German jo.

Particle edit

jo

  1. (colloquial or dialectal) yeah, yep
    Synonyms: tak, ano, no, hej
    Antonym: nie

Further reading edit

  • jo in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Saterland Frisian edit

Etymology edit

From Old Frisian hiā. Cognates include West Frisian hja and North Frisian jo.

Pronunciation edit

Pronoun edit

jo (oblique hier)

  1. they

See also edit

Saterland Frisian personal pronouns
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
stressed iek du hie ju dät wie jie jo
unstressed er ze et ze
objective mie die him hier dät uus jou hier

References edit

  • Marron C. Fort (2015) “jo”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Slovincian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɔ/
  • Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Cognates include Kashubian jô, Polish ja, Silesian jŏ.

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. I (first-person pronoun)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from German ja (“yes; yes!”), from Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Compare Kashubian jo (“yes; yes!”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).

Interjection edit

jo

  1. yes!

References edit

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈxo/ [ˈxo]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Syllabification: jo

Etymology 1 edit

Interjection edit

¡jo!

  1. stop, whoa (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof)
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Euphemistic clipping of joder (“fuck”).

Interjection edit

¡jo!

  1. (euphemistic) Used to express surprise, amazement, or confusion
    ¡Jo! ― I never heard anything like that before. / Are you serious? / Boy!

Further reading edit

Swahili edit

Etymology edit

Possibly from English yo.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

jo

  1. (Sheng) added for emphasis to the end of a sentence
    Manze jo! ― Oh man!

Swedish edit

Etymology edit

From Old Swedish iū, from Old Norse jaur.

Pronunciation edit

Interjection edit

jo

  1. yes; used as a disagreement to a negative statement or a negatively phrased question.
    Du har inte borstat tänderna, eller hur? - Jo, det har jag.
    You haven't brushed your teeth, have you? - Yes, I have.
  2. yes (more generally, in a similar vein to jodå – see its usage notes)
    – Är det du som är han? – Jo, det är jag.
    – Are you that guy? – Yep, that's me.
  3. (with an excited, rising tone) Expresses having an insight; oh
    Jo(ooo)! Nu kom jag på hur man löser pusslet.
    O(ooo)h! I figured out how to solve the puzzle now.
  4. A filler, at the start of an utterance.
    Jo, det är så att det är en grej som jag måste berätta för er
    So, there is something that I have to tell you ("So, it is such that there is a thing that I have to tell you," with some common stalling wording)

Usage notes edit

Ja (“yes”) can be interpreted as an agreement with the person replied to. Jo is used instead of ja if this agreement could cause ambiguity. In the example above agreement with the person asking the question would be the opposite of a confirmation that one actually did brush the teeth. As such ja would be ambiguous. The answer jo removes the possibility of agreement with the speaker. In Swedish dialects spoken in northern Sweden and Finland, it is however not uncommon for the word jo to be used in place of ja in all cases, at least in spoken language.

Related terms edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Veps edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo.

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already

References edit

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “уж, уже”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[9], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *jo.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈjo/, [ˈʝo]
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Hyphenation: jo

Adverb edit

jo

  1. already
  2. (with negative) any more

Particle edit

jo

  1. An emphatic intensifying particle.

References edit

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “jo”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

West Frisian edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Frisian jū, from Proto-West Germanic *iwwiz, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz, dative/accusative of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun edit

jo

  1. you (second person singular nominative formal pronoun)
Usage notes edit

Though it is a singular pronoun, jo takes the plural conjugation of verbs.

Inflection edit
West Frisian personal pronouns
Number Person Nominative Objective Possessive
Normal Reflexive Determiner Pronoun
Singular First ik my mysels myn mines
Second Informal do/dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
Formal jo jo josels jo jowes
Third Masculine hy him himsels syn sines
Feminine sy/hja1 har harsels har harres
Neuter it it himsels syn sines
Plural First wy ús ússels ús uzes
Second jim(me) jim(me) jimsels/jinsels jim(me) jimmes
Third sy/hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres
1. Now mostly archaic and unused

Further reading edit

  • “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Determiner edit

jo

  1. your (second-person singular formal possessive determiner)
Further reading edit
  • “jo”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Ye'kwana edit

Pronunciation edit

Postposition edit

jo

  1. (with following directional suffix -nno) indicates a point of origin

Usage notes edit

This postposition also infrequently occurs without -nno, in which case it is not clear whether it inflects at all and its meaning is difficult to determine.

References edit

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[10], Lyon, pages 277–278

Yoruba edit

Etymology 1 edit

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, compare with Igala jó

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

jó

  1. (intransitive) to dance
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Possibly from Proto-Yoruboid *jó, cognate with Igala jó

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

jó

  1. (ergative) to burn
  2. (transitive) to sting; to irritate

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

jò

  1. to drip
Derived terms edit
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