harken
See also: Harken
English edit
Etymology edit
See hearken
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈhɑːk(ə)n/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈhɑɹkən/
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)kən
- Hyphenation: hark‧en
Verb edit
harken (third-person singular simple present harkens, present participle harkening, simple past and past participle harkened)
- (transitive, intransitive, chiefly US) Alternative spelling of hearken: to hear, to listen, to have regard.
- 1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 690–693:
- Ev'n from the depths of Hell the Damn'd advance, / Th' Infernal Manſions nodding ſeem to dance; / The gaping three-mouth'd Dog forgets to ſnarl, / The Furies harken, and their Snakes uncurl.
- 1843 January, Edgar A[llan] Poe, “The Tell-Tale Heart”, in J[ames] Russell Lowell, R[obert] Carter, editors, The Pioneer. A Literary and Critical Magazine, volume I, number I, Boston, Mass.: Leland and Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 29, column 1:
- How, then, am I mad? Harken! and observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.
- 1942, William Faulkner, “The Bear”, in Go Down, Moses, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →OCLC, section 5, page 326:
- [T]he mother who had shaped him if any had toward the man he almost was, [...] whom he had revered and harkened to and loved and lost and grieved: [...]
- (intransitive, US, figuratively) To hark back, to return or revert (to a subject, etc.), to allude to, to evoke, to long or pine for (a past event or era).
- 2005, Carol Padden, Tom L. Humphries, Inside Deaf Culture, page 48:
- Bell argued that the manual approach was "backwards," and harkened to a primitive age where humans used gesture and pantomime.
Usage notes edit
Where sense 2 is concerned, the bare form harken has been used since the 1980s, though some authorities frown upon this and prefer the traditional form hark back.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “harken”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- Merriam-Webster’s dictionary of English usage, 1995, page 497
- “Hark/Hearken”, Paul Brians, Common Errors in English Usage, (2nd Edition, November, 2008)
Anagrams edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From early modern Dutch harcken, hercken, from hark (“rake”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
harken
- to rake, to use a rake on
Inflection edit
Inflection of harken (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | harken | |||
past singular | harkte | |||
past participle | geharkt | |||
infinitive | harken | |||
gerund | harken n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | hark | harkte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | harkt | harkte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | harkt | harkte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | harkt | harkte | ||
3rd person singular | harkt | harkte | ||
plural | harken | harkten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | harke | harkte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | harken | harkten | ||
imperative sing. | hark | |||
imperative plur.1 | harkt | |||
participles | harkend | geharkt | ||
1) Archaic. |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
harken (weak, third-person singular present harkt, past tense harkte, past participle geharkt, auxiliary haben)
- (regional, Northern Germany) to rake
Conjugation edit
infinitive | harken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | harkend | ||||
past participle | geharkt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich harke | wir harken | i | ich harke | wir harken |
du harkst | ihr harkt | du harkest | ihr harket | ||
er harkt | sie harken | er harke | sie harken | ||
preterite | ich harkte | wir harkten | ii | ich harkte1 | wir harkten1 |
du harktest | ihr harktet | du harktest1 | ihr harktet1 | ||
er harkte | sie harkten | er harkte1 | sie harkten1 | ||
imperative | hark (du) harke (du) |
harkt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.