mund
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /mʊnd/, /mʌnd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ʊnd, -ʌnd
Noun edit
mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)
- (obsolete) A hand.
- (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
- (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.
Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Uncertain: Possibly:
- From Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”),[1][2] though there's no evidence supporting the fall of the velar.
- A nasal-infixed formation from the root *mewd-, whence also mudà (“possibility”), mudúoti (“to try, attempt”) and Sanskrit मुद् (mud, “to be happy, rejoice”).[3]
- From Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to pay attention, wisdom”).[4][5][6]
- Akin to Lithuanian išmintìs (“to be able”), išmėginti (“try”), išmintìs (“wisdom”).[7]
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
mund (aorist munda, participle mundur)
- (intransitive) can, to be able to; to have the opportunity, power or ability
- followed by të
- to beat, win over, conquer
- (transitive) to defeat, beat; to emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
- to survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
- (figurative, third person) take over (with short pronoun forms)
- Më mundi gjumi.
- The sleep took over me
- (mediopassive) See mundem.
Conjugation edit
The template Template:sq-conj-c-a-ur does not use the parameter(s):1=mundPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Show compound tenses:
participle | mundur | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | duke mundur | ||||||
infinitive | për të mundur | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | 1st pers. | 2nd pers. | 3rd pers. | ||
indicative | present | mund | mund | mund | mundim | mundni | mundin |
imperfect | mundja | mundje | mundte | mundnim | mundnit | mundnin | |
aorist | munda | munde | mundi | mundëm | mundët | mundën | |
perfect | kam mundur | ke mundur | ka mundur | kemi mundur | keni mundur | kanë mundur | |
past perfect | kisha mundur | kishe mundur | kishte mundur | kishim mundur | kishit mundur | kishin mundur | |
aorist II | pata mundur | pate mundur | pati mundur | patëm mundur | patët mundur | patën mundur | |
future1 | do të mund | do të mundësh | do të mundë | do të mundim | do të mundni | do të mundin | |
future perfect2 | do të kem mundur | do të kesh mundur | do të ketë mundur | do të kemi mundur | do të keni mundur | do të kenë mundur | |
subjunctive | present | të mund | të mundësh | të mundë | të mundim | të mundni | të mundin |
imperfect | të mundja | të mundje | të mundte | të mundnim | të mundnit | të mundnin | |
perfect | të kem mundur | të kesh mundur | të ketë mundur | të kemi mundur | të keni mundur | të kenë mundur | |
past perfect | të kisha mundur | të kishe mundur | të kishte mundur | të kishim mundur | të kishit mundur | të kishin mundur | |
conditional1, 2 | imperfect | do të mundja | do të mundje | do të mundte | do të mundnim | do të mundnit | do të mundnin |
past perfect | do të kisha mundur | do të kishe mundur | do të kishte mundur | do të kishim mundur | do të kishit mundur | do të kishin mundur | |
optative | present | mundsha | mundsh | mundtë | mundshim | mundshit | mundshin |
perfect | paça mundur | paç mundur | pastë mundur | paçim mundur | paçit mundur | paçin mundur | |
admirative | present | mundkam | mundke | mundka | mundkemi | mundkeni | mundkan |
imperfect | mundkësha | mundkëshe | mundkësh | mundkëshim | mundkëshit | mundkëshin | |
perfect | paskam mundur | paske mundur | paska mundur | paskemi mundur | paskeni mundur | paskan mundur | |
past perfect | paskësha mundur | paskëshe mundur | paskësh mundur | paskëshim mundur | paskëshit mundur | paskëshin mundur | |
imperative | present | — | mund | — | — | mundni | — |
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume I, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 357–358
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “mund”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mund”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278
- ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “mund”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, , page 291
- ^ Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, page 58
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. men”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 727
- ^ Werner Winter (1965) Evidence for Laryngeals, The Hague, Mouton, →OCLC, page 138
Etymology 2 edit
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
mund m (definite mundi)
- agony, toil, great effort
- arduous and hard work (that pays off)
- tribulation, cause of trouble or suffer
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “mund”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)
- mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- mund on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Verb edit
mund
- imperative of munde
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Noun edit
mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (hand): hönd
Derived terms edit
- morgunstund gefur gull í mund (“the early bird catches the worm”)
Etymology 2 edit
Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).
Noun edit
mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or mund n (genitive singular munds, nominative plural mund)
- Used only in set phrases.
Declension edit
or
Derived terms edit
- í sömu mund/í sama mund (“at the same time”)
- um þær mundir (“in those days, around that time”)
Related terms edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mund (plural moundes or munden)
- Might, ability, or skill.
- Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
- (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
- (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
- (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.
Descendants edit
References edit
- “mǒund(e, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-20.
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mund m (“guardian”), Old Norse mund-r m (noun, literally “sum paid by a bridegroom for his bride”), Old Saxon mund (“hand”, noun), Old High German munt m (“protector”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mund f (nominative plural munda or munde)
- (poetic) hand, palm as a measure of length. In this meaning is not used later than OE period [OED].
- trust, security, protection
- protector, guardian
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old French edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
mund oblique singular, m (oblique plural munz or muntz, nominative singular munz or muntz, nominative plural mund)
- the world
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.
Noun edit
mund m
Declension edit
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | mund | munda |
accusative | mund | munda |
genitive | mundes | mundo |
dative | munde | mundum |
instrumental | mundu | — |
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.
Noun edit
mund f
Descendants edit
References edit
- “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
mund m (plural munds)
Swedish edit
Noun edit
mund c
Declension edit
Declension of mund | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mund | munden | mundar | mundarna |
Genitive | munds | mundens | mundars | mundarnas |