sár
Faroese edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sár n (genitive singular sárs, plural sár)
Declension edit
| Declension of sár | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n3 | singular | plural | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sár | sárið | sár | sárini |
| accusative | sár | sárið | sár | sárini |
| dative | sári | sárinum | sárum | sárunum |
| genitive | sárs | sársins | sára | sáranna |
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Oghur *šār (compare Chuvash шур (šur, “swamp”)), from Proto-Turkic *siāŕ (“marsh, dirt”). Compare also Bashkir һаҙ (haź, “swamp, marsh”), Kazakh саз (saz, “mud”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sár (usually uncountable, plural sarak)
- mud (a mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment)
- (figuratively) mud, dirt, dust, mire, smirch (miserable, shameful, despised situation or condition)
- (figurative, with a possessive suffix, informal) sin, fault, wrong, culpability
- Synonyms: hiba, felelősség
- Synonym of agyag (“clay, loam”)
Declension edit
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sár | sarak |
| accusative | sarat | sarakat |
| dative | sárnak | saraknak |
| instrumental | sárral | sarakkal |
| causal-final | sárért | sarakért |
| translative | sárrá | sarakká |
| terminative | sárig | sarakig |
| essive-formal | sárként | sarakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | sárban | sarakban |
| superessive | sáron | sarakon |
| adessive | sárnál | saraknál |
| illative | sárba | sarakba |
| sublative | sárra | sarakra |
| allative | sárhoz | sarakhoz |
| elative | sárból | sarakból |
| delative | sárról | sarakról |
| ablative | sártól | saraktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
sáré | saraké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
sáréi | sarakéi |
| Possessive forms of sár | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | saram | saraim |
| 2nd person sing. | sarad | saraid |
| 3rd person sing. | sara | sarai |
| 1st person plural | sarunk | saraink |
| 2nd person plural | saratok | saraitok |
| 3rd person plural | saruk | saraik |
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- sár in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse sárr, from Proto-Germanic *sairaz.
Adjective edit
sár (comparative sárari, superlative sárastur)
- painful, sore
- Á! Þetta er sárt!
- Ouch! This hurts!
- bitter, distressing
- hurt, offended, embittered
Inflection edit
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sárari | sárari | sárara |
| accusative | sárari | sárari | sárara |
| dative | sárari | sárari | sárara |
| genitive | sárari | sárari | sárara |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | sárari | sárari | sárari |
| accusative | sárari | sárari | sárari |
| dative | sárari | sárari | sárari |
| genitive | sárari | sárari | sárari |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sárastur | sárust | sárast |
| accusative | sárastan | sárasta | sárast |
| dative | sárustum | sárastri | sárustu |
| genitive | sárasts | sárastrar | sárasts |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | sárastir | sárastar | sárust |
| accusative | sárasta | sárastar | sárust |
| dative | sárustum | sárustum | sárustum |
| genitive | sárastra | sárastra | sárastra |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sárasti | sárasta | sárasta |
| accusative | sárasta | sárustu | sárasta |
| dative | sárasta | sárustu | sárasta |
| genitive | sárasta | sárustu | sárasta |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | sárustu | sárustu | sárustu |
| accusative | sárustu | sárustu | sárustu |
| dative | sárustu | sárustu | sárustu |
| genitive | sárustu | sárustu | sárustu |
Synonyms edit
- (painful): kvalafullur
- (distressing): átakanlegur
- (embittered): gramur
Derived terms edit
- eiga um sárt að binda (“to have suffered a great loss”)
- mig tekur það sárt (“I'm really sorry”)
- sitja eftir með sárt ennið (“to be sorely disappointed”)
- vera sárt leikinn (“to be treated roughly”)
- vera sárt um (“to set great store by something”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *sairą. Cognate with Swedish sår.
Noun edit
sár n (genitive singular sárs, nominative plural sár)
- a wound
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (wound): (poetic) und
Derived terms edit
- fótasár (“venous ulcers, stasis ulcer, varicose ulcers”)
- gera að sárum (“to dress somebody's wounds”)
- græða sár (“to heal a wound”)
- vera í sárum (“to moult”)
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse sár, from Proto-Germanic *saihaz.
Noun edit
sár m (genitive singular sás, nominative plural sáir)
Declension edit
Anagrams edit
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From a conflation of Old Irish sár m (“chief, ruler”) and English tsar, Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. The Old Irish may be elliptical for some such compound like (modern) sárfhear.
Noun edit
sár m (genitive singular sáir, nominative plural sáir)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- bansár (“tsarina”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish sár m (“outrage, insult, humiliation”), from Proto-Celtic *sagro-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sāxsro-, from *soǵʰ-sro-, from *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”), with vowel lengthening.[1] See *segos (“force”).
Noun edit
sár m (genitive singular sáir)
Declension edit
|
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms edit
- sár gach searbhais (“the height of bitterness”)
References edit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 327–sego
Mutation edit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| sár | shár after an, tsár |
not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 sár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
sár m (genitive sás, plural sáir)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Norse *ᛊᚨᛁᚱᚨ (*saira) (attested in compound), from Proto-Germanic *sairą.
Noun edit
sár n (genitive sárs, plural sǫ́r)
- a wound
Declension edit
Related terms edit
- sárr (“sore, aching; wounded”)
Descendants edit
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective edit
sár
References edit
- sár in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.