tsar
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.[1] Doublet of kaiser and Caesar. The spelling tsar began to replace the older czar in the nineteenth century. Compare Byzantine Greek Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar).
Pronunciation edit
- (UK) IPA(key): /(t)sɑː/, /zɑː/
- (US) IPA(key): /(t)sɑɹ/, /zɑɹ/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /zɐː/, /tsɐː/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Homophone: Saar
Noun edit
tsar (plural tsars)
- (historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.
- 1832 August 1, W. Barnes, “On the Origin of Language”, in Gentleman's Magazine[1], London, page 129:
- and why, in the name of common sense, should the English call the Czar (tsar) of Russia raze?
- (figuratively) A person with great power; an autocrat.
- 1969 March 14 [1969 March 13], “Report from Border Areas”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts[2], number 50, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, page A 6[3]:
- Chin Chien-shih, an old poor peasant of Korean nationality, said: "The wolfish ambition of the new tsars is exactly the same as that of the old tsars. The Soviet revisionist renegade clique is struggling desperately in the hope of saving itself from doom, but this will only bring on its destruction more quickly."
Usage notes edit
- (emperor of Russia): Officially, emperors after 1721 were styled imperator (импера́тор (imperátor)) rather than tsar (царь (carʹ)), but the latter term is still commonly applied to them.
- The term sometimes refers to other emperors, besides those of Russia, e.g. the monarch of Bulgaria (1908-1946).
- The spelling czar is predominant in figurative and informal senses. Scholarly literature prefers tsar.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Translations edit
|
References edit
- ^ Funk, W. J., Word origins and their romantic stories, New York, Wilfred Funk, Inc.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of Cèsar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tsar m (plural tsars, feminine tsarina)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “tsar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tsar m (plural tsars)
- czar (Russian nobility)
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Persian: تزار (tezâr)
Further reading edit
- “tsar”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Noun edit
tsar m (plural tsares)
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar.
Noun edit
tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarer, definite plural tsarene)
References edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Russian царь (carʹ), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar), from Latin Caesar.
Noun edit
tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarar, definite plural tsarane)
References edit
- “tsar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tsar m (plural tsares, feminine tsarina, feminine plural tsarinas)
- Alternative form of czar
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Russian царь (carʹ), from Old East Slavic цьсарь (cĭsarĭ), from Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tsar c
Declension edit
Declension of tsar | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | tsar | tsaren | tsarer | tsarerna |
Genitive | tsars | tsarens | tsarers | tsarernas |
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Tocharian A edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tocharian *ṣar, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰésōr, from *ǵʰes-. Cognate with Albanian dorë, Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Hittite [script needed] (kessar). Compare Tocharian B ṣar.
Noun edit
tsar m