sam
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
sam
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Acronym
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (AU) (file)
Noun edit
sam
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)
- (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble.
- (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
- (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange.
- 1905, Keighley Snowden, Princess Joyce:
- I sammed it up for ye
- (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together.
- (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk).
Usage notes edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).
Adverb edit
sam (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Together
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- Now are they saints all in that city sam.
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
sam (not comparable)
Related terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Possibly from Uncle Sam.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sam (plural sams)
- (slang) Federal narcotics agent.
Anagrams edit
Atong (India) edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam.
Noun edit
sam (Bengali script সাম)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
sam- (Bengali script সাম)
- to wait
Etymology 3 edit
Classifier edit
sam- (Bengali script সাম)
- used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Charrua edit
Numeral edit
sam
References edit
- El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
- Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
- Čestmír Loukotka, Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62
Chuukese edit
Noun edit
sam
Garo edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam.
Noun edit
sam
Etymology 2 edit
Classifier edit
sam
- used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.
Further reading edit
- Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon[3], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275
Hokkien edit
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 三 (“three; the other woman; the other man; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 三). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 衫 (“unlined garment; shirt; top; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 衫). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 舢. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 舢). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 參 (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 參). |
Lhao Vo edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum (“three”). Cognate with Lashi soem" and Burmese သုံး (sum:, “three”).
Numeral edit
sam
References edit
- Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
Macanese edit
Verb edit
sam
- Alternative form of sâm
Maltese edit
Root |
---|
s-w-m |
3 terms |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm)
- to fast
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of sam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | somt | somt | sam | somna | somtu | samu | |
f | samet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nsum | ssum | jsum | nsumu | ssumu | jsumu | |
f | ssum | |||||||
imperative | sum | sumu |
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish sam.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
sam (not comparable)
- alone (oneself without company)
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 33:
- «Jénnégo casu buł sobzie Małi Princ, zÿjóncÿ na planétce niesziła ziénksÿ ôt niégo samégo, chtórnému barzo biło brák frojnda»
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- alone (oneself without help)
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 36:
- Já musziáł szie mocno nakwelowacz z tém, cobim sam to mók porozuniécz.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Adverb edit
sam (not comparable)
- alone, by oneself, without company
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 25:
- Zułém sam, próc nichtórnégo cłoziekä do richtownégo pogádaniá az do casu musowégo landowaniá na Zaharże seszcz roków wzád.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Mizo edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.
Noun edit
sam
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
sam
Nga La edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.
Noun edit
sam
- hair (of the head)
References edit
- Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sam m (genitive unattested, no plural)
Inflection edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | sam | — | — |
Vocative | saim | — | — |
Accusative | samN | — | — |
Genitive | saimL | — | — |
Dative | samL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Synonyms edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
sam | ṡam | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse edit
Verb edit
sam
Old Polish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sam
- alone, by oneself, without company
- myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself")
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
sam
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “1. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “2. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phalura edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
sam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم)
- equally
References edit
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish sam.
Adjective edit
sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)
Adverb edit
sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)
- alone, by oneself, without company
- Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie
- (Middle Polish) here (at this place)
Particle edit
sam
- emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself
- Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.
- Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.
- Poszedł do samego końca.
- He went to the very end.
- by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)
Declension edit
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | sam | sama | samo | sami | same | |
genitive | samego | samej | samego | samych | ||
dative | samemu | samej | samemu | samym | ||
accusative | samego | sam | samą | samo | samych | same |
instrumental | samym | samą | samym | samymi | ||
locative | samym | samej | samym | samych |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- osamotniać impf
- osamotnić pf
Etymology 2 edit
Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
sam m inan
- (colloquial) self-service shop
- Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy
Declension edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- sam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- sam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “SAM_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
- “SAM_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego[5]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[6]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7] (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 11
- sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Rohingya edit
Alternative forms edit
- 𐴏𐴝𐴔 (sam) — Hanifi spelling
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
sam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔)
Romani edit
Verb edit
sam
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.
Adjective edit
sȃm (definite sȃmī, Cyrillic spelling са̑м)
Declension edit
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | sam | sama | samo | |
genitive | sama | same | sama | |
dative | samu | samoj | samu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
sam sama |
samu | samo |
vocative | sam | sama | samo | |
locative | samu | samoj | samu | |
instrumental | samim | samom | samim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sami | same | sama | |
genitive | samih | samih | samih | |
dative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
accusative | same | same | sama | |
vocative | sami | same | sama | |
locative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
instrumental | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | sami | sama | samo | |
genitive | samog(a) | same | samog(a) | |
dative | samom(u/e) | samoj | samom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
sami samog(a) |
samu | samo |
vocative | sami | sama | samo | |
locative | samom(e/u) | samoj | samom(e/u) | |
instrumental | samim | samom | samim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sami | same | sama | |
genitive | samih | samih | samih | |
dative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
accusative | same | same | sama | |
vocative | sami | same | sama | |
locative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
instrumental | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) |
Alternative forms edit
- sȃm
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.
Verb edit
sȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м)
- first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti.
- Tu sam. — I'm here.
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish sam.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
sam
Further reading edit
- sam in silling.org
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
sȃm (not comparable)
Inflection edit
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | sám | sáma | sámo |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sám ind sámi def |
sáma | sámo |
genitive | sámega | sáme | sámega |
dative | sámemu | sámi | sámemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
sámo | sámo |
locative | sámem | sámi | sámem |
instrumental | sámim | sámo | sámim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sáma | sámi | sámi |
genitive | sámih | sámih | sámih |
dative | sámima | sámima | sámima |
accusative | sáma | sámi | sámi |
locative | sámih | sámih | sámih |
instrumental | sámima | sámima | sámima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sámi | sáme | sáma |
genitive | sámih | sámih | sámih |
dative | sámim | sámim | sámim |
accusative | sáme | sáme | sáma |
locative | sámih | sámih | sámih |
instrumental | sámimi | sámimi | sámimi |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “sam”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sam
- past indicative of simma
Anagrams edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saːm˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)
- a horseshoe crab
- đuôi sam ― a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
- common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
- Synonym: rau sam
Ye'kwana edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Ideophone edit
sam
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[8], Lyon, page 166
Zhuang edit
< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sam | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːm˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sam1
- Hyphenation: sam
Numeral edit
sam (1957–1982 spelling sam)